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PCC Fungi Study Guide

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PCC Fungi Study Guide

 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
All fungi are
a.
 heterotrophic prokaryotes.
c.
 autotrophic prokaryotes.
b.
 heterotrophic eukaryotes.
d.
 autotrophic eukaryotes.
 2.
Fungi do NOT
a.
 carry out photosynthesis.
c.
 digest food outside their bodies.
b.
 grow on their food source.
d.
 absorb food through their cell walls.
 3.
Fungi resemble plants in that they both always
a.
 have stems.
c.
 act as parasites.
b.
 grow from the ground.
d.
 have cell walls.
 4.
A mushroom is a fungal
a.
 fruiting body.
c.
 mycorrhiza.
b.
 lichen.
d.
 yeast.
 5.
The tangled mass that makes up the body of a fungus is the
a.
 hypha.
c.
 mycelium.
b.
 rhizoid.
d.
 stolon.

nar001-1.jpg

Figure 21–1
 6.
Fungal hyphae, shown in Figure 21–1, differ in that some lack
a.
 cell walls.
c.
 nuclei.
b.
 cross walls.
d.
 cytoplasm.
 7.
A circular arrangement of mushrooms sprouting from the same mycelium is known as a(an)
a.
 hypha.
c.
 imperfect fungus.
b.
 fairy ring.
d.
 sporangiophore.
 8.
Most fungi reproduce
a.
 asexually only.
c.
 both sexually and asexually.
b.
 sexually only.
d.
 by budding.
 9.
Stinkhorns, which mimic the odor of rotting meat, have spores that are dispersed by
a.
 wind.
c.
 snow.
b.
 birds.
d.
 flies.
 10.
When hyphae of opposite mating types meet, they first
a.
 enter mitosis
c.
 enter meiosis.
b.
 grow and develop.
d.
 fuse.
 11.
Sporangia are found at the tops of specialized hyphae called
a.
 sporangiophores.
c.
 gametangia.
b.
 mycelia.
d.
 stolons.
 12.
Which of the following processes is first to occur after the nuclei of opposite mating types fuse?
a.
 Spores are produced.
c.
 Mitosis occurs.
b.
 Gametes are produced.
d.
 Meiosis occurs.
 13.
Dark fuzz that grows on bread is an example of
a.
 toadstool.
c.
 yeast.
b.
 spore.
d.
 mold.
 14.
Rhizoids in molds are analagous to which structures on plants?
a.
 flowers
c.
 stems
b.
 roots
d.
 leaves
 15.
In bread mold, haploid gametes are produced by the
a.
 gametangia.
c.
 zygospores.
b.
 rhizoids.
d.
 sporangiophores.
 16.
Which of the following ingredients is NOT added to bread dough in order to make it rise?
a.
 sugar
c.
 water
b.
 yeast
d.
 oxygen
 17.
The dry, powdered yeast used to bake bread actually contains
a.
 zygospores.
c.
 conidia.
b.
 ascospores.
d.
 sporangia.
 18.
Yeasts obtain energy by alcoholic fermentation in the absence of
a.
 moisture.
c.
 oxygen.
b.
 carbon dioxide.
d.
 sugar.
 19.
Mushrooms are classified as
a.
 common molds.
c.
 club fungi.
b.
 sac fungi.
d.
 imperfect fungi.
 20.
Which is responsible for the enlargement of fruiting bodies?
a.
 water uptake by cells in hyphae
c.
 production of haploid spores
b.
 rapid cell division
d.
 expansion of air spaces between the gills
 21.
The common name for members of the phylum Basidiomycota is derived from the shape of their
a.
 spores.
c.
 basidia.
b.
 hyphae.
d.
 stalks.
 22.
Over time, nutrients at the center of a large underground mycelium become depleted, causing new mushrooms to sprout only
a.
 in a cluster at the center.
c.
 when the nutrients are replaced.
b.
 in a ring at the outer edges.
d.
 after budding takes place.
 23.
Each of the following is a basidiomycete EXCEPT
a.
 shelf fungi.
c.
 puffballs.
b.
 mushrooms.
d.
 cup fungi.
 24.
In basidiomycetes, the primary mycelia of different mating types fuse to form
a.
 a secondary mycelium.
b.
 haploid zygotes.
c.
 gills.
d.
 haploid nuclei of the same mating type.
 25.
Which statement about Penicillium is correct?
a.
 It produces mushrooms.
c.
 It is the source of an antibiotic.
b.
 It causes bread to rise.
d.
 It causes athlete’s foot.
 26.
Penicillium is classified in phylum Deuteromycota because Penicillium has
a.
 fruiting bodies.
c.
 no observed sexual phase.
b.
 gills.
d.
 basidiospores.
 27.
Penicillium may have evolved from an ascomycete that lost its ability to carry out
a.
 asexual reproduction.
c.
 spore formation.
b.
 sexual reproduction.
d.
 conidia formation.
 28.
An important role of fungi in an ecosystem is
a.
 photosynthesis.
c.
 making alcohol.
b.
 breaking down dead organisms.
d.
 killing bacteria.
 29.
The oldest fossil fungi on record belong to the phylum
a.
 Ascomycota.
c.
 Basidiomycota.
b.
 Deuteromycota.
d.
 Zygomycota.
 30.
Fungi that absorb food from decaying organic matter are
a.
 parasites.
c.
 mutualists.
b.
 saprobes.
d.
 autotrophs.
 31.
Fungi feed on
a.
 only living organisms.
c.
 both living and dead organisms.
b.
 only dead organisms.
d.
 only other fungi.
 32.
The breakdown of dead organisms is accelerated by the fungal production of
a.
 alcohols.
c.
 digestive enzymes.
b.
 acids.
d.
 recycled nutrients.
 33.
Which of the following statements about fungi is true?
a.
 They bind trace elements and hold them.
b.
 They return trace elements to the soil.
c.
 They do not affect trace elements.
d.
 They deplete the soil of trace elements.
 34.
Athlete’s foot is caused by the same fungus that causes
a.
 wheat rust.
c.
 ringworm.
b.
 moldy bread.
d.
 thrush.
 35.
The growth of yeasts in moist regions of the body is kept in check by competition from
a.
 antibiotics.
c.
 rusts.
b.
 bacteria.
d.
 mildews.
 36.
Crop damage by fungal diseases is
a.
 greatest in tropical areas.
c.
 greatest in temperate areas.
b.
 least in tropical areas.
d.
 not affected by climate.
 37.
Which structures of the fungus Cordyceps digest tropical grasshoppers from the inside out?
a.
 spores
c.
 fruiting bodies
b.
 hyphae
d.
 mycelia
 38.
Each of the following is true of wheat rust EXCEPT that it
a.
 is caused by a basidiomycete.
b.
 is carried by insects into wheat fields.
c.
 is controlled by destroying barberry plants.
d.
 produces two kinds of spores.
 39.
The normal balance between bacteria and yeasts in the body can be upset by
a.
 eating yeast-leavened bread.
c.
 using antibiotics.
b.
 eating edible mushrooms.
d.
 being exposed to mushroom spores.

nar002-1.jpg

Figure 21–2
 40.
Figure 21–2 illustrates an association of a(an)
a.
 cyanobacterium and a plant.
c.
 plant and a fungus.
b.
 alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus.
d.
 alga and a plant.
 41.
Which of the following is NOT a single organism?
a.
 mushroom
c.
 yeast
b.
 smut
d.
 lichen
 42.
Which statement about lichens is correct?
a.
 They are not tolerant of harsh conditions.
b.
 They cannot make their own food.
c.
 They grow only in soil.
d.
 They can serve as an air quality indicator.
 43.
The association of plants and fungi in mycorrhizae illustrates a type of relationship called
a.
 parasitism.
c.
 competition.
b.
 mutualism.
d.
 parallelism.
 44.
In a mycorrhizal relationship, what benefit does the plant get from the fungus?
a.
 protection from harsh conditions
c.
 products of photosynthesis
b.
 aid in seed dispersal
d.
 aid in the absorption of water and minerals
 45.
Beneath the forest floor, carbon atoms can be moved from one tree to the next by
a.
 orchids.
c.
 mycorrhizae.
b.
 fungal spores.
d.
 lichens.
 46.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of fungi?
a.
 membrane-bounded nuclei
b.
 mitochondria
c.
 cell wall of lipopolysaccharides
d.
 primarily terrestrial in habitat
e.
 reproduction via spores
 47.
The cell walls of fungi are composed of:
a.
 cellulose.
b.
 lipids.
c.
 glycogen.
d.
 chitin.
e.
 chlorophyll.
 48.
Fungi can grow under all of the following conditions except:
a.
 concentrated salt solutions.
b.
 an environment with a very low pH of 3.
c.
 a dry environment.
d.
 jelly or other sugar solutions.
e.
 a cold, refrigerated environment.
Figure 25-01
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.nar003-1.jpg
 49.
In Figure 25-01, the structure labeled 1 is:
a.
 a conidium.
b.
 a perforated septum.
c.
 a hypha.
d.
 a basidium.
e.
 a spore.
 50.
In Figure 25-01, the fungus illustrated in Figure A is:
a.
 multicellular.
b.
 coenocytic.
c.
 septate.
d.
 dikaryotic.
e.
 None of the above.
 51.
An example of a unicellular fungus is:
a.
 a mold.
b.
 a mushroom.
c.
 a yeast.
d.
 a rust.
e.
 a smut.
 52.
A ____________ is a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi.
a.
 thallus
b.
 protonema
c.
 fruiting body
d.
 hypha
e.
 septa
 53.
Which group of fungi have hyphae that are multinucleate and not divided by septa?
a.
 monokaryotic
b.
 unicellular
c.
 ascomycete
d.
 coenocytic
e.
 sporophyllous
 54.
A ____________ is a tangled mat of hyphae.
a.
 sporocarp
b.
 sporangia
c.
 zygospore
d.
 mycelium
e.
 coenocyte
 55.
The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:
a.
 zygospores.
b.
 ascospores.
c.
 asci.
d.
 basidia.
e.
 mycorrhizae.
 56.
Most fungal spores are ____________ reproductive cells that are produced ________________________.
a.
 motile; sexually only
b.
 motile; asexually only
c.
 nonmotile; sexually only
d.
 nonmotile; asexually only
e.
 nonmotile; sexually or asexually
 57.
In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called:
a.
 a hypha.
b.
 a gametangium.
c.
 a fruiting body.
d.
 an oogonium.
e.
 an antheridium.
 58.
What makes up most of the mass of an individual mushroom?
a.
 underground mycelium
b.
 above ground mycelium
c.
 underground fruiting body
d.
 above ground ascocarp
e.
 underground ascocarp
 59.
Dikaryotic cells are denoted as:
a.
 n + n.
b.
 n – n.
c.
 n.
d.
 2n.
e.
 2n – n.
 60.
Members of phylum ____________ are the most primitive of the fungi and were previously classified as protists.
a.
 Chytridiomycota
b.
 Zygomycota
c.
 Oomycota
d.
 Ascomycota
e.
 Deuteromycota
 61.
One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycetes is:
a.
 gametes formed by mitosis.
b.
 alternation of generations.
c.
 cell walls.
d.
 flagellated cells.
e.
 both sexual and asexual reproduction.
 62.
An example of a member of phylum Zygomycota is:
a.
 the common edible mushroom.
b.
 yeast.
c.
 the black bread mold.
d.
 the truffle.
e.
 More than one of the above.
 63.
When bread gets moldy with visible black or blue spots, you are looking at masses of the colored:
a.
 spores.
b.
 hyphae.
c.
 mycelia.
d.
 ascocarps.
e.
 thalli.
 64.
Black bread mold is ___________________, which means that it is self-sterile.
a.
 heterozygous
b.
 heterothallic
c.
 hetertrophic
d.
 mycotoxic
e.
 coenocytic
 65.
Reproduction in the black bread mold occurs between ___________________ hyphae.
a.
 male and female
b.
 + and –
c.
 dikaryotic and monokaryotic
d.
 heterothallic and homothallic
e.
 sterile and self-sterile
 66.
An example of a member of phylum Ascomycota is:
a.
 the common edible mushroom.
b.
 yeast.
c.
 the black bread mold.
d.
 the truffle.
e.
 More than one of the above.
 67.
The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called:
a.
 asci.
b.
 basidia.
c.
 gemmae.
d.
 conidiophores.
e.
 conidia.
 68.
Asexual reproduction in sac fungi involves production of spores called:
a.
 asci.
b.
 basidia.
c.
 gemmae.
d.
 conidiophores.
e.
 conidia.
Figure 25-02
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.nar004-1.jpg
 69.
In Figure 25-02, the structure labeled 11 is:
a.
 a zygote.
b.
 a female gametangium.
c.
 a male gemetangium.
d.
 a zoosporangium.
e.
 a zoospore.
 70.
The process occurring at point 3 in Figure 25-02 is:
a.
 asexual reproduction.
b.
 fertilization.
c.
 meiosis.
d.
 mitosis.
e.
 zygote germination.
 71.
The structure labeled 9 in Figure 25-02 was produced by:
a.
 fertilization of two zygotes.
b.
 meiosis in the resting sporangium.
c.
 meiosis in the zoosporangium.
d.
 mitosis in the resting sporangium.
e.
 mitosis in the zoosporangium.
 72.
An example of a plant disease caused by a basiodiomycete is:
a.
 chestnut blight.
b.
 Dutch elm disease.
c.
 verticillium wilt on potatoes.
d.
 stem rust of wheat.
e.
 All of the above.
 73.
In a mushroom, the primary mycelium is composed of ______________ cells.
a.
 monokaryotic
b.
 dikaryotic
c.
 homothallic
d.
 coenocytic
e.
 prokaryotic
 74.
Puffballs and bracket fungi are most closely related to:
a.
 molds.
b.
 truffles.
c.
 the common edible mushroom.
d.
 yeast.
e.
 the black bread mold.
 75.
Lichens are most typically formed by the symbiotic association of an alga or cyanobacterium and:
a.
 an ascomycete.
b.
 a deuteromycete.
c.
 a basidiomycete.
d.
 a zygomycete.
e.
 All of the above.
 76.
Lichens reproduce primarily asexually by ____________, which are fragments of the body of the lichen.
a.
 conidia
b.
 soredia
c.
 asci
d.
 basidia
e.
 thalli
 77.
Which of the following organisms typically grows most slowly?
a.
 bread molds
b.
 lichens
c.
 yeasts
d.
 mushrooms
e.
 sac fungi
 78.
Which of the following is not produced utilizing fungi?
a.
 beer
b.
 bread
c.
 blue cheese
d.
 yogurt
e.
 wine
 79.
Claviceps purpurea produces _______________, which infests grain and has been important in many historical events, as ingestion of infested grain milled into flour can cause hallucinations and even death.
a.
 an ergot
b.
 a smut
c.
 a rust
d.
 a brown rot
e.
 a mildew
 80.
Fungi parasitic on plants produce specialized hyphae, called ____________, that penetrate the host.
a.
 soredia
b.
 secondary mycelia
c.
 basidia
d.
 asci
e.
 haustoria
 81.
A basidiomycete that infests wheat is the wheat:
a.
 rust.
b.
 wilt.
c.
 strobilus.
d.
 scab.
e.
 rot.
 82.
Which is not a fungal infection in humans?
a.
 ringworm
b.
 athlete’s foot
c.
 yeast infections
d.
 histoplasmosis
e.
 None of the above, all are fungal infections in humans.
 83.
Examples of plant disease caused by an ascomycete are:
a.
 chestnut blight.
b.
 Dutch elm disease.
c.
 stem rust of wheat.
d.
 abnormal leaf fall of rubber.
e.
 Both A and B.
 84.
______________________ is a common chytridiomycete, which exhibits alternation of generation.
a.
 phytophthora
b.
 Allomyces
c.
 Ascomycetes
d.
 chytrids
e.
 None of the above.
 85.
Which one of the following is mismatched?
a.
 Bread mold – zygomycetes
b.
 Sac fungi – Ascomycota
c.
 Yeast – Ascomycota
d.
 Truffles – Ascomycota
e.
 Ascomycota – ascospores
 86.
The characteristic brown, blue-green, pink, or other tints of ascomycetes are due to the color of their__________.
a.
 Mycelia
b.
 Hyphae
c.
 Conidia
d.
 Sporangia
e.
 None of the above.
 87.
Yeasts reproduce asexually by:
a.
 division.
b.
 budding.
c.
 ascospores.
d.
 Binary fission.
e.
 Both B and D.
 88.
Which one of the following statements is true?
a.
 Basidiospores are formed within the basidia.
b.
 Ascospores are formed outside the ascus.
c.
 Both Basidiospores and ascospores are formed within their respective structures.
d.
 Both Basidiospores and ascospores are formed outside their respective structures.
e.
 Basidiospores are formed outside, and ascospores are formed within, their respective structures.
 89.
Which one of the following is mismatched?
a.
 Mushroom – Basidiomycetes
b.
 Sac fungi – Ascomycetes
c.
 Club fungi – Basidiomycetes
d.
 Puff balls – Basidiomycetes
e.
 Corn smut disease – Ascomycetes
 90.
Mushrooms that we eat are technically referred to as:
a.
 Basidiospores.
b.
 Basidiocarp.
c.
 Mycelium.
d.
 Hyphae.
e.
 Gills.
 91.
Color pigments produced by __________________ are used to dye woolens and litmus.
a.
 club fungi
b.
 mushroom
c.
 algae
d.
 lichens
e.
 puff balls
 92.
Reduction in ____________________ growth is used as a sensitive indicator of air pollution.
a.
 fungus
b.
 mushroom
c.
 algae
d.
 lichen
e.
 puff balls
 93.
Mycorrhiza is an example of ________________.
a.
 Commensalism
b.
 Parasitism
c.
 Mutualism
d.
 All of the above.
e.
 None of the above.
 94.
Mycorrhizae benefits plants by:
a.
 increasing photosynthetic area.
b.
 increasing absorptive surface area of roots.
c.
 increasing chlorophyll content.
d.
 increasing leaf area.
e.
 None of the above.
 95.
____________________ cause enormous economic losses by decaying wood, both living trees and stored lumber.
a.
 Sac fungi
b.
 Mushrooms
c.
 Bracket fungi
d.
 Aspergillus
e.
 Rhizopus
 96.
Consuming even a single mushroom of the genus _______________ can be fatal.
a.
 Agaricus
b.
 Shottake
c.
 Portobello
d.
 Amanita
e.
 Oyster
 97.
_________________ is a fungal chemical that shows promise as an anticancer agent.
a.
 Pencillin
b.
 Fumigallin
c.
 Ergot compounds
d.
 Psilocybin
e.
 None of the above.
 98.
Ergot compounds, produced by _____________________, are used as drugs to induce labor and to stop uterine bleeding.
a.
 Aspergillus tamari
b.
 Claviceps purpurea
c.
 Penicillium notatum
d.
 Erwinia carotovora
e.
 None of the above.

 
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Mollusks

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Mollusks

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Mollusks must eat constantly because the functioning of their nephridia causes the disposal of useful molecules as well as of waste products.
2.
Unlike arthropods, mollusks are unsegmented; instead, they are divided into three regions.
3.
Mollusks have four distinct body parts: a foot, a head, a visceral mass, and a tail.
4.
In terrestrial snails, the mantle cavity functions as a simple lung.
5.
Most bivalves have separate sexes, but some are hermaphroditic.
6.
Due to the presence of a shell, all gastropods are capable of living on land for at least a portion of their lives.
7.
Since cephalopods have tentacles, they have no need for a radula.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
8.
All of the following are characteristics of mollusks except that they have
a.
a pseudocoelomate body plan.
c.
a complete digestive tract.
b.
bilateral symmetry.
d.
an open circulatory system.
9.
The cilia of a trochophore larva
a.
allow attachment to the ocean bottom.
b.
create currents for drawing in food.
c.
cover the entire larval body.
d.
are necessary for reproduction.
10.
Trochophore larvae
a.
are found in molluscan life cycles.
b.
possess a belt of cilia around their bodies.
c.
occur in annelid life cycles.
d.
All of the above
11.
A characteristic structure found in many mollusks is the radula, which is involved in
a.
jet propulsion.
c.
eating.
b.
opening and closing of the shells.
d.
reproduction.
12.
All of the following are classes of the phylum Mollusca except
a.
bivalves.
c.
gastropods.
b.
cephalopods.
d.
pseudopods.
13.
The only mollusks that have a closed circulatory system are
a.
bivalves.
c.
chitons.
b.
cephalopods.
d.
gastropods.
      mollusks_files/i0160000.jpg
14.
Refer to the illustration above. Which two organisms in the diagrams possess mantles?
a.
Organisms “A” and “C”
c.
Organisms “A” and “D”
b.
Organisms “B” and “C”
d.
Organisms “B” and “D”
15.
“Jet propulsion” is the usual means of locomotion in water for
a.
arthropods.
c.
cephalopods.
b.
echinoderms.
d.
annelids.
      mollusks_files/i0190000.jpg
16.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in this diagram is a
a.
bivalve.
c.
chiton.
b.
cephalopod.
d.
gastropod.
17.
Refer to the illustration above. This organism possesses a(n)
a.
simple lung.
c.
internal beak.
b.
closed circulatory system.
d.
open circulatory system.
18.
Refer to the illustration above. Movement of this organism is dependent upon the structure labeled
a.
“1.”
c.
“3.”
b.
“2.”
d.
None of the above
19.
Shells of mollusks
a.
may consist of one or more pieces.
c.
allow for the attachment of muscles.
b.
provide protection.
d.
All of the above
20.
Adductor muscles are responsible for
a.
moving the valves of bivalves.
c.
pumping the hearts of mollusks.
b.
extending the feet of mollusks.
d.
fanning the gills of aquatic mollusks.

 
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Annelids and Mollusks Study Guide

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Annelids and Mollusks Quiz

 

  

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 1.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of at least some mollusks?
a.
 a pseudocoelomate body plan
b.
 bilateral symmetry
c.
 a mantle
d.
 an open circulatory system
 
 2.
Which of the following has a true coelom?
a.
 flatworm
c.
 rotifer
b.
 roundworm
d.
 mollusk
 
 3.
The evolution of a coelom was significant because
a.
 more food could be stored within it.
b.
 more wastes could be stored before excretion.
c.
 it enabled development of more complex organ systems.
d.
 it eliminated the need for a circulatory system.
 
 4.
mollusks : a mantle ::
a.
 pseudocoelomate animals : true body cavities
b.
 roundworms : single-opening digestive tract
c.
 roundworms : coelom
d.
 mollusks : a coelom
 
 5.
The cilia of a trochophore
a.
 allow attachment to the ocean bottom.
b.
 create currents for drawing in food.
c.
 cover the entire larval body.
d.
 are necessary for reproduction.
 
 6.
Trochophores
a.
 occur in some mollusks’ life cycles.
b.
 possess a belt of cilia around their bodies.
c.
 occur in some annelids’ life cycles.
d.
 All of the above
 
 7.
A characteristic structure found in many mollusks is the radula, which is involved in
a.
 jet propulsion.
c.
 eating.
b.
 opening and closing of the shell.
d.
 reproduction.
 
 8.
Which of the following is a correct pairing?
a.
 phylum Platyhelminthes—hydra
b.
 phylum Nematoda—planaria
c.
 phylum Mollusca—octopus
d.
 phylum Annelida—roundworm
 
 9.
All of the animal phyla that evolved after the mollusks
a.
 are vertebrates.
c.
 have a coelom.
b.
 are prokaryotes.
d.
 lack mesoderm.
 
 10.
All of the following are classes of the phylum Mollusca except
a.
 bivalves.
c.
 gastropods.
b.
 cephalopods.
d.
 pseudopods.
 
 11.
Which of the following mollusks have a closed circulatory system?
a.
 snails
c.
 slugs
b.
 cephalopods
d.
 gastropods
 
 12.

mc012-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. Which two organisms have mantles?

a.
 1 and 3
c.
 1 and 4
b.
 2 and 3
d.
 2 and 4
 
 13.
Jet propulsion is the usual means of locomotion in water for
a.
 octopuses.
c.
 squids.
b.
 gastropods.
d.
 bivalves.
 
   
 
nar001-1.jpg
 
 14.
Refer to the illustration above. This organism is a
a.
 bivalve.
c.
 trochophore.
b.
 cephalopod.
d.
 gastropod.
 
 15.
Refer to the illustration above. Movement of this organism is dependent upon structure
a.
 1.
c.
 3.
b.
 2.
d.
 None of the above
 
 16.
Shells of mollusks
a.
 may consist of one or more pieces.
b.
 provide protection.
c.
 allow for the attachment of muscles.
d.
 All of the above
 
 17.
Adductor muscles are responsible for
a.
 moving the valves of bivalves.
b.
 extending the feet of mollusks.
c.
 pumping the hearts of mollusks.
d.
 fanning the gills of aquatic mollusks.
 
 18.
In an open circulatory system,
a.
 water is drawn into the mantle cavity to provide oxygen to body tissues.
b.
 lungs branch into small tubules to provide oxygen to tissues.
c.
 wastes are eliminated directly to the environment from the tissues.
d.
 blood is released directly into spaces in the body tissues.
 
 19.
Twisting of the visceral mass of gastropods is called
a.
 extension.
c.
 torsion.
b.
 inversion.
d.
 conversion.
 
 20.
Among the various species of gastropods, respiration may take place
a.
 with gills.
b.
 through the skin.
c.
 within the mantle cavity.
d.
 All of the above
 
 21.
All of the cephalopods
a.
 have eight tentacles.
b.
 are predators.
c.
 possess protective shells.
d.
 are filter feeders.
 
 22.
Jet propulsion in a squid is the result of
a.
 rapid closing of the organism’s shell.
b.
 strong contractions of the tentacles.
c.
 high-pressure discharge of fluid from the organism’s mouth.
d.
 the pumping of water through the siphon.
 
 23.
The only cephalopod that has retained its external shell is the
a.
 cuttlefish.
c.
 octopus.
b.
 chambered nautilus.
d.
 squid.
 
 24.
Segmented worms are known as
a.
 nematodes.
c.
 planarians.
b.
 annelids.
d.
 arthropods.
 
 25.
Each segment of an annelid
a.
 is capable of reproduction.
b.
 has a well-developed brain that allows the annelid to learn simple tasks.
c.
 has a pseudocoelom.
d.
 may contain some organ systems that duplicate systems in other segments.
 
 26.
An example of segmentation in humans is the
a.
 digestive system.
c.
 vertebral column.
b.
 skin.
d.
 brain.
 
 27.
The most significant evolutionary advancement of annelids over mollusks is believed to be
a.
 the ability to burrow.
c.
 segmentation.
b.
 the existence of a true coelom.
d.
 cephalization.
 
 28.

mc028-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. Which two organisms have segmented body plans?

a.
 3 and 4
c.
 1 and 4
b.
 2 and 4
d.
 2 and 3
 
 29.
true coelom : mollusks and annelids ::
a.
 tentacle : annelids
c.
 valve : annelids
b.
 siphon : annelids
d.
 segmentation : annelids
 
 30.
Coordinated movements of an earthworm’s body segments are possible because of the
a.
 development of an advanced brain.
b.
 ventral nerve cord and ganglia that carry impulses to the muscles.
c.
 presence of a true coelom in the earthworm’s body.
d.
 existence of a complete digestive system.
 
 31.
earthworm movement : circular muscles and setae ::
a.
 earthworm digestion : circular muscles and setae
b.
 earthworm digestion : seminal receptacles
c.
 earthworm reproduction : pharynx
d.
 earthworm respiration : skin
 
 32.
Small tubules that collect wastes from the coelom of annelids and discharge the wastes from the body are called
a.
 nephridia.
c.
 bivalves.
b.
 radulae.
d.
 spicules.
 
 33.
The digestive tube of the earthworm is divided into three regions. Which of the following is not among these regions?
a.
 crop
c.
 radula
b.
 intestine
d.
 gizzard
 
 34.
Which of the following is (are) not part of an earthworm’s body?
a.
 a heart
c.
 nephridia
b.
 gills
d.
 a typhlosole
 
 35.
The clitellum of an earthworm
a.
 contains the heart.
b.
 is associated with reproduction.
c.
 acts as a primitive respiratory system.
d.
 is necessary for movement.
 
 36.
Earthworms are considered to be beneficial to the environment because
a.
 they help release nutrients into the soil.
b.
 they aerate the soil as they move through it.
c.
 they break up the soil in which they live.
d.
 All of the above
 
 37.
squid motion : siphon ::
a.
 annelid motion : siphon
b.
 annelid breathing : nephridia
c.
 earthworm circulation : closed circulatory system
d.
 annelid motion : tentacles
 
 38.
The body of the water leech
a.
 has suckers on the front and back.
c.
 is segmented.
b.
 has no parapodia.
d.
 All of the above
 
 39.
Leeches
a.
 use suckers to aid in movement.
c.
 are segmented.
b.
 may be parasitic.
d.
 All of the above
 
 40.
leeches : blood ::
a.
 earthworms : small animals
b.
 earthworms : blood
c.
 marine polychaetes : small animals
d.
 marine polychaetes : blood
 
  

Completion
Complete each statement.
 
   41.
The ____________________ larva is a characteristic of some mollusks and annelids.
 
 

 
   42.
Constant beating of ____________________ in the mantle cavity of a clam causes a continuous stream of water to pass over the gills.
 
 

 
   43.
A tonguelike scraping organ used by some mollusks in feeding is called the ____________________.
 
 

 
   44.
An organ known as the ____________________ is an abrasive, tonguelike structure found in some mollusks.
 
 

 
   45.
A snail can pull its head into its mantle cavity because the cavity has moved to the anterior of the animal during a twisting process called ____________________ that occurs during development.
 
 

 
   46.
Water is drawn into the body of a clam through tubes called ____________________.
 
 

 
   47.
A bivalve’s shells close when the pair of ____________________ contract.
 
 

 
   48.
Structures in earthworms that function as simple kidneys are called ____________________.
 
 

 
   49.
The only living cephalopod that has retained its external shell is the _________________________.
 
 

 
   50.
Snails and slugs belong to the class of mollusks called ____________________.
 
 

 
   51.
Earthworms belong to the phylum ____________________.
 
 

 
   52.

co052-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. Structure X is the ventral ____________________ cord.

 
 

 
   53.
In anterior segments of annelids, several ganglia are fused to form the ____________________, which is the brain of these organisms.
 
 

 
   54.
An earthworm’s ____________________ produces a tube made of mucus and chitin that contains the eggs and sperm and allows development of an earthworm’s offspring.
 
 

 
   55.
Bristles that exist along the sides of an annelid are called ____________________.
 
 

 
   56.
Some leeches are ____________________; they feed on the blood of other animals.
 
 

 
   57.
The ____________________ are annelids that have many setae and parapodia, generally live in marine environments, and have antennae.
 
 

 

 

 
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Image:Cnemidophorus-ThreeSpecies.jpg – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Image:Cnemidophorus-ThreeSpecies.jpg

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Photograph by Alistair J. Cullum, the person uploading the file. Email: acullum@creighton.edu

Shows three species of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus, commonly known as whiptails: C. inornatus, C. neomexicanus, C. tigris.

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  • (del) (cur) 22:39, 24 March 2005 . . Acullum (Talk | contribs) . . 415×353 (48,646 bytes) (Photograph by Alistair J. Cullum, the person uploading the file. Email: acullum@creighton.edu Shows three species of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus, commonly known as whiptails: C. inornatus, C. neomexicanus, C. tigris. {{CopyrightedFreeUseProvidedThat|)

 

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