
Modern medicine is truly a marvel. Whether it’s a tiny valve keeping a heart beating in rhythm, a port making chemotherapy manageable, or a prosthetic hip restoring someone’s mobility, medical devices are life-changers. They help humans live longer, move better, and manage chronic conditions with dignity.
It’s no wonder that the global medical devices market is expected to cross $1030 billion in revenue by 2034. At the global stage, North America remained at the forefront of the medical device industry in 2025, capturing 38.1% of the global market.
However, as helpful as these tools are, they come with a small but significant risk of infections. The FDA receives over 2 million reports each year about medical device malfunctions and injuries. Don’t be alarmed, though. Most infections linked to medical devices are preventable.
Here, we’ll help you understand what these infections are, what signs to watch for, and how you can actively reduce your risk. Dive in, then!
Common Types of Medical Devices Linked to Infections
Not all medical devices carry the same level of infection risk. Some devices, particularly those that remain in your body for extended periods or that penetrate your skin, require extra attention.
Here are the most common types of devices associated with infections:
1. Implantable Port Catheter Devices
If you’re receiving long-term treatment like chemotherapy, your doctor might have recommended an implantable port.
Implantable ports, such as port-a-caths, consist of a reservoir placed subcutaneously, usually in the chest. It connects directly to a large vein to spare your smaller veins from repeated needle sticks.
Since the body treats port catheter devices as foreign material, there is a risk of serious complications. These include sepsis, blood clots, device malfunction, or catheter disconnection. Reports have revealed that infections occur in approximately 4.8% of chemoport cases.
Devices of some brands have also faced scrutiny for structural failures. Bard is a case in point. Patients who got Bard’s PowerPort device implanted suffered from serious injuries such as bloodstream infections, deep vein thrombosis, and sepsis due to device failure.
Not surprisingly, thousands of patients across the country have filed the Bard PowerPort lawsuit against Bard Access Systems, Inc. and its parent company, Becton, Dickinson and Company.
According to TorHoerman Law, plaintiffs in the lawsuit assert that design and manufacturing defects in their implantable ports caused catastrophic injuries to patients.
2. Intravenous (IV) Lines and Central Lines

Almost everyone who’s spent time in a hospital has had an IV line. These thin, flexible tubes deliver fluids, medications, and nutrients directly into your veins.
Standard IV lines usually stay in your arm or hand for just a few days. But central lines are larger catheters that reach the bigger veins near your heart and can remain in place much longer. Therefore, they pose a higher infection risk than peripheral IVs due to their length and the fact that they sit in large veins near your heart.
Central line-associated bloodstream infections, or CLABSIs, are one of the most serious device-related infections. Infections happen when bacteria enter during the procedure, travel down the outside of the line, or create a biofilm. This biofilm is a sticky layer of bacteria that grows inside the catheter and can be very tricky to treat.
3. Surgical Implants
Surgical implants are designed to replace or support body parts. These include artificial joints, pacemakers, and heart valves. These devices are meant to be permanent or long-term.
From hip and knee replacements to pacemakers and spinal hardware, surgical implants have helped millions of people regain mobility, independence, and quality of life. These devices are typically made from materials that your body tolerates well, like titanium or special plastics, and they are placed during sterile surgical procedures.
Despite all precautions, infections can occasionally develop around surgical implants. Sometimes infections happen soon after surgery when bacteria enter through the incision. Other times, infections develop months or even years later if bacteria from another part of your body travel through your bloodstream and settle on the implant.
Orthopedic implants like artificial joints are particularly vulnerable because they can’t heal and integrate into your body the way natural tissue does. If bacteria form a biofilm on the implant’s surface, they become incredibly difficult to eliminate with antibiotics alone.
Signs and Symptoms of Medical Device-Associated Infections
The sooner an infection is caught, the easier it is to treat. Keep a close eye out for these red flags:
- Redness or warmth around the insertion site or surgical incision
- Swelling or tenderness that’s new or getting worse
- Drainage or pus from the site
- Pain that increases as time passes
- Skin that feels hot to the touch
- The area around the device looks different from what it did before
What Patients Can Do to Reduce Infection Risk

You’re not helpless in preventing medical device-associated infections. There are several concrete steps you can take to protect yourself. Here are a few of them:
1. Practice Good Hand Hygiene
Hand hygiene is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of germs. Germs live on hands and can easily move to a medical device. Proper handwashing removes these transient organisms.
Follow a five-step process to wash your hands properly: wet, lather, scrub, rinse, and dry. Scrub for at least 20 seconds, making sure the backs of hands, between fingers, and under fingernails are scrubbed.
If washing is not possible, use an alcohol-based sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Rub it over all surfaces until the hands are completely dry. This normally takes about 20 seconds. However, sanitizer does not work well on visibly dirty or greasy hands. In those instances, soap and water are mandatory.
2. Keep the Device Area Clean and Dry
Bacteria thrive in moist environments. This is why keeping your device site clean and dry is important.
If you have a medical device outside your body or a site in the body where a catheter enters, carefully follow your healthcare provider’s directions for cleaning. This typically includes gentle cleansing with soap and water or a special antiseptic solution, followed by thorough drying.
Protect your device’s site during showering or bathing according to your instructions. Some devices should be covered with waterproof dressings or plastic wrap; others should not be submerged in water at all.
Your healthcare team will provide guidance depending on your type of device. Gently pat the skin dry rather than rubbing because rubbing may irritate the skin. Pay attention to your dressings too. If a bandage or dressing becomes wet, dirty, or loose, change it right away.
3. Follow Care Instructions at Home
Your healthcare provider will give you detailed instructions for caring for your device at home. These instructions aren’t suggestions but evidence-based practices designed specifically to keep you safe.
This might include flushing your catheter with saline or heparin at specific intervals or applying antibiotic ointment to insertion sites. Your healthcare provider might also advise taking prescribed antibiotics to prevent infection or avoiding certain activities that could contaminate or damage your device.
Write these instructions down or ask for them in writing if they are only given verbally. Don’t be embarrassed to ask questions if something isn’t clear. Ask your nurse or doctor to show you the technique rather than just describing it.
Many healthcare facilities offer video resources or written materials you can reference at home. Some even provide 24-hour hotlines you can call if questions come up later.
4. Attend Follow-Up Appointments
Follow-up visits are not just a formality. They are an essential part of infection surveillance. Doctors use these visits to monitor the healing process. They check for subtle signs that you might miss.
During these visits, doctors may perform several checks. They conduct physical exams of the device site. They may order blood tests to look for inflammatory markers like CRP (C-reactive protein). Follow-up appointments also help doctors identify complications such as blood clots or device shifting before they become emergencies.
For cardiac devices, you’ll typically have an initial checkup within six weeks and follow-ups every few months. Your team will check your healing progress and use a device programmer to monitor the battery.
If you’re an oncology patient, you’ll have to keep up with your port flushes even after your sessions are done. Keeping the port flushed ensures it stays in good working order, for whenever you might need it.
Knowledge is Your Best Protection
Medical devices save lives and improve health every day. While infections are a potential risk, they are not inevitable, and most patients never experience serious problems.
You can significantly reduce your risk if you stay informed and follow care instructions closely.
Remember, you are an active partner in your care, not just a recipient of treatment. If you ever feel unsure, uncomfortable, or worried, speak up. Healthcare works best when patients and providers work together, with trust, awareness, and a shared goal of keeping you safe and well.




