Category: 2nd Semester

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

Gram-negative bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan that stains purple.

Bacteria lack nuclei and therefore also lack genetic material.

Bacterial cells have membrane-bound organelles and chromosomes.

Bacterial cells are usually much larger than eukaryotic cells.

Bacteria are incapable of movement themselves; they can only get to new locations by growing toward them or by forming endospores and being carried in air or water.

Some bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

When bacteria undergo nonreproductive genetic recombination, their bacterial chromosome is altered.

Certain antibiotics have become ineffective against certain strains of bacteria. These bacteria have developed a resistance, which may be passed on from one generation of bacteria to the next.

The photoautotrophic bacteria are the only bacteria that are indirectly beneficial to humans.

Complete each sentence or statement.

Spiral bacteria are called ____________________.

Spherical bacteria are called ____________________.

Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.

The procedure used to distinguish between two types of bacterial cell wall structures is called ____________________.

Protective structures that some bacteria may form under harsh conditions are ____________________.

The cell walls of Gram-negative eubacteria are composed of a combination of polysaccharide and polypeptide called ____________________.

Bacteria that obtain their energy by removing electrons from inorganic molecules, rather than obtaining energy from the sun, are called ____________________ bacteria.

In general, organisms that obtain their energy from sunlight are called ____________________.

Bacteria that are heterotrophic and feed on dead organic matter are called ____________________.

A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can be obtained from bacteria or fungi and can be used as a drug to fight pathogenic bacteria.

Many bacteria are ____________________ and play an important role in recycling carbon, nitrogen, and other elements, while other bacteria are ____________________ and assemble organic compounds from carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and other elements.

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

Although viruses do not consist of cells, biologists consider them to be living because they are capable of reproduction.

Wendell Stanley made the important discovery that viruses are not cellular.

Viruses consist of RNA or DNA surrounded by a coat of protein.

Prions are the smallest known particles that are able to replicate.

A virus can only reproduce by controlling a cell.

People can contract the influenza virus more than once because the virus tends to mutate rapidly, avoiding the actions of the immune system.

Smallpox is caused by bacteria.

Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus.

The viruses that have been linked to human cancers are usually transmitted through the air.

Complete each sentence or statement.

The protein coat of a virus is called a(n) ____________________.

Most viruses occur in the shape of a(n) ____________________ or a(n) ____________________.

A virus that transcribes DNA from an RNA template is called a(n) ____________________.

An enzyme called ____________________ manufactures DNA that is complementary to a virus’s RNA.

____________________ are bacterial viruses with a polyhedral head and a helical tail.

All viruses reproduce by taking over the reproductive machinery of a ____________________.

Viruses that infect a host cell and have their nucleic acid replicated but do not harm the host cell are in a ____________________ cycle.

A viral DNA molecule formed from an RNA virus is called a(n) ____________________.

The virus that causes AIDS is called ____________________.

Some viruses are thought to induce ____________________, a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division.

An example of an emerging virus is the  ____________________ virus.