Category: Cells

Cell Model Instructions

 

 

 Cell Model 

 

    Construct a 3-dimensional eukaryotic plant or animal cell that includes the organelles listed in the table below. Your cell must show all of the cellular organelles listed on the table. These organelles should be LABELED with straight pin “flags” with the FUNCTION of each organelle written on the back  Make sure that your cell has a FLAT NOT round bottom so it will sit on a table or shelf. 

  •  NO FOOD ITEMS MAY BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF YOUR CELL MODEL! 
  •  DO NOT USE CLAY OR PLAY DOUGH AS THE CELL WILL BE TOO HEAVY OR NOT STAY TOGETHER!

 

Cellular Organelles
Cell Membrane Nucleus Nucleolus
Cell Wall (plants) Chromatin Rough ER
Smooth ER Attached Ribosomes Mitochondria
Chloroplast (plant) Lysosome Golgi Bodies
 Vacuole Free Ribosomes Centrioles (animal)

 

ANIMAL CELL

Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.

PLANT CELL

Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.

 

Cell PowerPoint Questions

 

Cell Structure and Function
PowerPoint Questions

CELLS

1. What is the smallest basic unit of life?

2. What is needed to see most cells?

3. ___________ are made of one cell, while _______ are composed of more than one cell.

4. What are prokaryotic cells?

5. Give an example of a prokaryote.

6.What are eukaryotes?

7. Are plant and animal cells prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

8. Where is DNA found inside prokaryotic cells?

9. What 2 structures surround prokaryotic cells?

10. What organelle, not surrounded by a membrane, is found in prokaryotes & eukarotes?

11. Name the 3 basic cell structures in eukaryotes.

     a.
b.
c.

12. __________ are small structures in the cytoplasm that perform specific functions.

13. Give the function of these organelles:

      a. endoplasmic reticulum

      b. Golgi bodies

      c. Nucleolus

      d. Lysosomes

      e. Ribosomes

14.Describe the structure of Golgi bodies.

 

15. Golgi receive and modify _________ made by the ER.

16. what structures pinch off the ends of the “shipping” side of Golgi to carry cell products to their destination?

17. Lysosomes contain __________ enzymes to break down _______ and worn out ________ parts.

18. Explain how lysosomes are programmed for cell daeth.

 

19. Where is the nucleolus located?

20. Cells may have _______ to ______ nucleoli.

21. Nucleoli make _____________ that make __________ for the cell.

22. How does smooth ER differ from rough ER?

 

 

23. Proteins used in the cell are made by __________ Er, while proteins to be exported are made by _____________ ER.

24. What organelle serves as the powerhouse of the cell?

25. What important process takes place in the mitochondria?

26. Which type of cells would have more mitochondria & why?

27. ___________ like glucose are burned in the mitochondria to release cellular energy known as __________.

28. What surrounds the outside of all cells?

29. In plant cells, a cell __________ surrounds the cell membrane for extra support.

30. What 2 things make up all cell membranes?

31.Cell membranes only allow certain materials into & out of the cell so they are said to be ________________  _____________.

32. The cell ______________ is a living layer around cells, while the cell ________ in plants is nonliving.

33. Jelly-like material inside the cell membrane is called _______________ and is where most ____________________ of the cell take place.

34. Organelles are found inside the cell’s _________________.

35. The ______________ controls the activities of the cell and contains the cell’s _____________.

36. the ______________________ surrounds the nucleus.

37. Chromosomes inside the nucleus contain _____________ that control the cell’s characteristics.

38. Plant cell walls are made of _____________ fibers and are freely ______________.

39. Cell walls resist the loss of _________ from a cell and give _________ & support to the cell.

40. What large organelle takes up most of the space in a plant cell?

41. What is the membrane called that surrounds the central vacuole in plants?

42. Cell __________ is found inside the central vacuole & may contain ____________, proteins, _____________, wastes, and ______________.

43. Give 3 examples of different kinds of plant cells.

44. Name 2 structures found in plant, but NOT animal cells.

45. Animal cells store their carbohydrate energy as ________________ in their cytoplasm.

46. What paired organelle involved with cell division is found in animal but NOT plant cells?

47. Name 6 types of animal cells.

 

48. List 3 similarities between plant and animal cells.

     a.

     b.

     c.

49. How do plant and animal cells compare in size?

50. How do plant and animal cells compare in shape to each other?

51. Do animal cells have cell walls?

52. Animal cells sore food energy as _____________, while plants store food energy as ____________.

53. Where is the nucleus in:

     a. animal cells?

     b. plant cells?

54. Do animal cells have vacuoles like plant cells? Explain.

 

MICROSCOPES

55. Light microscopes are also called ____________ microsopes.

56. Light microscopes can magnify objects up to ____________ times.

57. Label the parts of the microscope:

  LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

58. Cells of _____________ organisms are specialized to do different jobs.

59. Give 2 examples of specialized cells & their jobs.

     a.

     b.

60. Similar cells grouped together to do a job are called ____________.

61. ____________ and _________ are 2 types of tissues in animals, while ___________- and ____________ are types of plant tissues.

62. Tissues working together to do a job are known as __________.

63. Give an example of organs found in:

     a. Animals?

     b. Plants?

 64. Several organs & tissues working together to carry out a set of functions is known as a ______________.

65. Name & give the function for 4 animal systems.

     a.

     b.

     c.

     d.

 

66. Systems working together make an _______________.

 

Cell Size

THE SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO OF A CELL
INTRODUCTION:

Cells are limited in how large they can be. This is because the surface area and volume ratio does not stay the same as their size increases. Because of this, it is harder for a large cell to pass materials in and out of the membrane, and to move materials through the cell.
In this lab, you will make cube shaped models to represent cells. The dimension along one side will be doubled with each model. You will then calculate the surface area, volume, and the ratio between the two.

MATERIALS:

Scissors
Construction paper
Tape
Metric ruler

PROCEDURE:

1. Construct three cell models like the pattern shown. The dimensions of a side will double each time, with the sides being 2 cm, 4 cm, and 8 cm. Fold and tape into cubes with the tabs to the inside. Record the dimensions in the DATA TABLE (the first one is done for you in the table).

 

 

DATA TABLE: Cell Size Comparison
Cell Dimensions
(cm)		 Surface Area
(cm2)		 Volume
(cm3)		 Ratio
Surface area to Volume
1 2 X 2 X 2
2
3

 

CALCULATIONS:

2. Calculate the total surface area for each cell model by the following formula:

surface area = (Length X Width) X 6 sides

 

Record the surface areas in the DATA TABLE.

3. Calculate the volumes for each cell model by the following formula:

volume = length X width X height

 

Record the volumes in the DATA TABLE.

4. Calculate the surface area-to-volume ratio for each cell model by the following formula:

ratio = surface area
volume

 

Record the ratio values in the DATA TABLE.
These ratios show how many times larger the surface area is as compared to the volume. Notice that it becomes less than one very quickly.

QUESTIONS:

1. Which model has the largest surface area?

2. Which model has the largest volume?

3. Which model has the largest ratio?

4. To maintain life, and carry-out cellular functions, materials must be able to move into and out of the cell. Also, material needs to be able to move within the cell. What might be the advantage of having a large surface area?

 

 

5. What might be the disadvantage of having a large volume?

 

Cell Structure and Function Assi

 

Cell Structure and Function Assignment

 

Project Due – Tuesday, June 28

Instructions:

  1. Draw and color EACH CELL or CELL ORGANELLE on a separate sheet of unlined paper. BE SURE TO CENTER YOUR DRAWING ON THE PAGE!
  2. At the top of each page, CENTER and WRITE THE NAME of the cell or organelle that you are drawing.
  3. LABEL all parts of the cell and/or organelle.
  4. WRITE the function of EACH LABELED PART (FUNCTION MUST BE WRITTEN NEXT TO THE LABEL).
DRAWINGS:

  1. Prokaryote diagram
  2. Animal Cell Diagram
  3. Plant Cell Diagram
  4. Nucleus & Nucleolus Diagram
  5. Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Diagram
  6. Golgi Diagram
  7. Chloroplast Diagram
  8. Mitochondria Diagram
  9. Lysosome Diagram
  10. Cell Membrane Diagram

Cell Worksheet Ch4 BI

 

 

Cells

 

Section 4-1 Introduction to the Cell

1. What is a cell?

2. Who was the first person to use a simple microscope and view microscopic organisms?

3.. What English scientist was first to view dead plant cells?

4. State the 3 parts to the cell theory.

5. Tell how each of these scientists contributed to the cell theory — Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow.

6. Give 3 ways that cells are not alike.

7. What is one of the longest animal cells?

8. Explain why cells are limited in how large they can grow.

9. The shape of a cell reflects its ______________________. Give an example of this.

10. Define organelle & tell what they do for a cell.

11. What surrounds the outside of all cells?

12. Where is the nucleus of a cell & what does it do?

13. What two characteristics do all eukaryotes share?

14. What type of cell is a bacterium?

15. Where is the genetic information (chromosome) of a bacterium found?

16. What are prokaryotes & are they in the same kingdom as eukaryotes?

Section 4-2 Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell

17. Why can cells not survive if they are totally isolated from their environment?

18. What controls what enters or leaves a cell?

19. Define selectively permeable.

20. Describe the phospholipid make up of cell membranes.

21. Cells are bathed in an aqueous environment. What does this mean?

22. Sketch the lipid bilayer of a cell showing the inside & outside of the cell. Be sure to label all parts of the membrane.

23. What is the difference between peripheral & integral proteins in the cell membrane?

24. What is the purpose of the carbohydrate tails attached to some integral proteins?

25. Do all integral proteins look alike? Explain.

26. Explain the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.

27. Name 12 organelles found in cells. (See table 4-2)

28. In what part of a cell are organelles found?

29. What is cytosol & what does it contain?

30. Name 3 organelles found in plant, but not animal cells. (See bottom of table 4-2)

31. What is the function of mitochondria? What energy molecule is made there?

32. Why do liver & muscle cells have more mitochondria than other types of cells?

33. Describe the outer covering of the mitochondria.

34. What are cristae & what is their purpose?

35. Mitochondria are able to reproduce inside cells because they have their own ___________.

36. What organelles are the most numerous inside cells?

37. What two things make up ribosomes & are ribosomes surrounded by membrane like other organelles?

38. Ribosomes are made inside the _______________ of a cell.

39. Ribosomes may remain unattached or __________ in cytosol or attach to what other organelle’s surface?

40. What organic compounds to ribosomes synthesize or make?

41. What does ER stand for & what is the ER in a cell?

42. What is the ER’s function?

43. Name the two types of ER inside cells.

44. What is on the surface of rough ER?

45. Rough ER synthesizes large amounts of _________________ for cells.

46. Give 3 functions of smooth ER.

47. What is the Golgi apparatus?

48. Golgi is a system of ________________ or flattened _____________.

49. How does the Golgi work with the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell?

50. What are lysosomes & what do they do?

51. Name 8 things that the enzymes inside lysosomes digest?

52. In what type of cells are lysosomes common? In what type of cell are they rare?

53. Where is the cytoskeleton & what is its function?

54. What are the two major components of the cytoskeleton?

55. How do microfilaments & microtubules differ from each other?

56. What are spindle fibers & what are they made of?

57. What protein makes up microfilaments?

58. Compare cilia & flagella.

59. What is the purpose of the nuclear matrix?

60. What double membrane surrounds the nucleus?

61. Where is chromatin found & what 2 things is it made of?

62. When a cell is ready to divide, chromatin condenses & coils into _____________________.

63. What is the purpose of DNA inside the nucleus?

64. How do nuclear pores help RNA?

65. Where is the nucleolus found and what is made there?

66. Where is the cell wall in plants found, what is its function, and what is it made of?

67. What are the 2 types of cell walls in plants?

68. What is the difference between the primary & secondary cell walls?

69. What is found inside plant vacuoles?

70. What takes up much of the volume of plant cells? What happens to the other organelles?

71. How are plastids similar to mitochondria?

72. What is found inside of plastids?

73. Name the most familiar plastid & tell its function.

74. What are thylakoids?

Section 4-3 Multicellular Organization

75. Cells are organized into ______________________. Give an example.

76. What is an organ & give an example?

77. What forms organ systems?

78. The digestive system is an organ system. Name the organs that make up this system.

79. All the systems working together make up an ______________________ such as a plant or animal.

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