Category: Resources

Evolution Quiz

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Evolution
    1. In biological terms, what is a species? a group of organisms that are similar in form and structure
      a group of organisms that can interbreed
      a group of organisms that share common features
      a group of organisms that have live in the same habitat
    2. What is the Scala Naturae? an idea proposed by Darwin that suggests that all organisms share a common ancestor
      an idea proposed by Plato that suggests organisms are all evolving toward an ideal form
      an idea proposed by Aristotle that suggests that all organisms fit into an orderly scheme
      an idea proposed by Wallace that suggests that organisms change over time
    3. Creationism is not accepted as a valid scientific theory because: it violates the scientific principle of natural causality
      it doesn’t offer a model to explain the diversity of life on earth
      it cannot be disproven
      all of these

birds

    1. The picture of the finches is used to illustrate: phylogeny of finches
      change over time
      specialization of beaks for different diets
      natural selection
    2. Which of the following was not an observation made by Darwin on his voyages: penguins use wings to paddle instead of fly
      snakes have rudimentary hind limbs
      the earth is very old
      islands had species that did not exist on the mainland

bones

    1. The image illustrates: vestigial structures
      homologous structures
      the fossil record
      natural selection
    2. Which of the following is an example of artificial selection: a panda’s thumb
      the breeding of dogs
      the galapagos finches
      a giraffe’s neck
    3. According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, which of the following is true: random mating is necessary for evolution to occur
      variation does not exist between members of the same species
      populations will change to better fit their environment
      individuals will adapt to their environment
    4. Which of the following are assumptions made with regards to the Theory of Evolution by Natural selection organisms compete with each other to survive
      variations exist among organisms
      not all organisms that are born survive to reproduce
      all of these

whale

    1. The image illustrates which of the following: artificial selection
      acquired characteristics
      homologous structures
      vestigial structures
    2. A panda’s thumb is considered an evolutionary contrivance because: it is assembled from wrist bones, and imperfect
      it is perfectly structured to grab leaves
      it is an structure that has no use
      none of these
    3. Which of the following outcomes would you predict for a population of bacteria exposed to a new antibiotic. over many generations, the bacteria would become resistant to the antibiotic
      over a few generations, the bacteria would evolve into Archaebacteria
      over a few generations, the bacteria would become extinct
      over many generations, the bacteria would become more susceptible to the antibiotic
    4. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution: whales and sharks have similar body designs
      bees and hummingbirds have similar body designs
      bats and birds have similar body designs
      all of these
    5. Why is evolution called the “unifying theory of biology” because it explains the diversity of life on the planet
      because it serves as a model to predict how organisms will change
      it serves as a model to interpret relationships between organisms on the planet
      all of these

moths

  1. The image illustrates how peppered moths are related to other moths
    how peppered moths adapted to a changing environment
    how peppered moths became extinct
    how peppered moths became two species

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Protists Quiz

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Simple Protists
  1. Plant-like protists are collectively called:
    protozoans
    algae
    diatoms
    pseudopodia
  2. Where would you find a paramecium?
    in quiet ponds
    in the human body
    in dirt
    on leaves
  3. Which of the following moves using pseudopodia?
    paramecium
    euglena
    diatoms
    ameba
  4. Which of the following is unicellular and heterotrophic?
    ameba
    paramecium
    algae
    both ameba & paramecium
  5. The word “pseudopodia” means:
    small cell
    fake eye
    false foot
    first animal

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Identify the organism pictured above.

ameba
paramecium
euglena
diatom

  1. Which organelle functions to remove excess water?
    micronucleus
    contractile vacuole
    pellicle
    gullet
  2. The ameba reproduces by:
    fusion
    endocytosis
    binary fission
    conjugation
  3. The paramecium belongs to the Kingdom ____ and the Phylum _____
    Ciliphora, Protista
    Protista, Ciliophora
    Protozoa, Protista
    Animalia, Protista
  4. Which of the following is autotrophic?
    paramecium
    foraminifera
    ameba
    euglena

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Correct answers:

Study Guide Cellular Respiration

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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
When cells break down food molecules, energy
a.
 is released all at once.
b.
 is released entirely as body heat into the environment.
c.
 is temporarily stored in ATP molecules.
d.
 causes excitation of electrons in chlorophyll molecules.
 2.
ATP
a.
 contains five phosphate groups.
b.
 is essential for a cell to perform all the tasks necessary for life.
c.
 is found only in bacteria.
d.
 All of the above
 3.
A substance produced during photosynthesis that is used for completion of cellular respiration is
a.
 water.
c.
 NADPH.
b.
 ATP.
d.
 oxygen.
 4.
The process of cellular respiration
a.
 is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis.
b.
 breaks down food molecules to release stored energy.
c.
 occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis.
d.
 occurs only in animals.
 5.
cellular respiration : organic compounds ::
a.
 light bulb : glass
c.
 automobile : gasoline
b.
 trunk : clothing
d.
 country : nation
 6.
When glycolysis occurs,
a.
 a molecule of glucose is split.
b.
 two molecules of pyruvic acid are made.
c.
 some ATP is produced.
d.
 All of the above
 7.
The name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is
a.
 respiration.
c.
 fermentation.
b.
 oxidation.
d.
 All of the above
 8.
When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen,
a.
 a large amount of ATP is formed.
b.
 NADH molecules split.
c.
 lactic acid is produced.
d.
 cellular respiration ceases.
 9.
You have been growing some animal cells in culture. The cells grow well for several weeks, and then their growth slows down. You conduct some tests and determine that there is a lot of lactic acid in the culture fluid. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the poor growth of the cells?
a.
 There is too much glucose in the culture fluid.
b.
 There is not enough glucose in the culture fluid.
c.
 There is too much oxygen in the culture fluid.
d.
 There is not enough oxygen in the culture fluid.
 10.
If the formation of a standard amount of ATP under certain conditions requires 12 kcal of energy and the complete oxidation of glucose yields 686 kcal of energy, how efficient is glycolysis at extracting energy from glucose?
a.
 1.7%
c.
 7.0%
b.
 3.5%
d.
 35%
 11.
Cellular respiration takes place in two stages:
a.
 glycolysis and fermentation.
b.
 Stage 1 and Stage 2 of photosynthesis.
c.
 glycolysis, then aerobic respiration.
d.
 aerobic respiration, then glycolysis.
 12.
In cellular respiration, a two-carbon molecule combines with a four-carbon molecule to form citric acid as part of
a.
 glycolysis.
b.
 carbon fixation.
c.
 the Krebs cycle.
d.
 the electron transport chain.
 13.
Acetyl coenzyme A
a.
 is formed from the breakdown of pyruvic acid.
b.
 enters the Krebs cycle.
c.
 can be used in synthesis of needed molecules.
d.
 All of the above
 14.
Glycolysis and aerobic respiration are different in that
a.
 glycolysis occurs on the cell membrane, while aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria.
b.
 glycolysis occurs only in photosynthesis, while aerobic respiration is part of cellular respiration.
c.
 glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen, while aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
d.
 There is no difference; these terms are different names for the same process.
 15.
Which of the following is not formed during the Krebs cycle?
a.
 CO2
c.
 NADH
b.
 FADH2
d.
 NADPH
 16.
Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration?
a.
 electron transport
c.
 the Krebs cycle
b.
 glycolysis
d.
 the Calvin cycle
 17.
With oxygen present, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain
a.
 provide organisms an alternative to glycolysis.
b.
 produce most of the ATP needed for life.
c.
 break down glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
d.
 All of the above
 18.
Water is an end product in
a.
 lactic acid formation.
c.
 the Krebs cycle.
b.
 fermentation.
d.
 the electron transport chain.
 19.
Krebs cycle : CO2 ::
a.
 glycolysis : glucose
b.
 acetyl CoA formation : O2
c.
 cellular respiration : O2
d.
 electron transport chain : ATP
 20.
ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration
a.
 remain in the mitochondria in which they are formed.
b.
 are stored in chloroplasts of the same cell in which they are formed.
c.
 enter the cell’s cytoplasm through the membranes of the mitochondria in which they are formed.
d.
 are distributed by the bloodstream to all cells in the body.
 21.
At the end of the electron transport chain,
a.
 the electrons combine with oxygen and protons to form water.
b.
 the electrons are used in the formation of ethyl alcohol.
c.
 the electrons build up inside the mitochondria and diffuse back to a thylakoid.
d.
 None of the above
C6 H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P ® 6CO2 + 6 H2O + MOLECULE A
 22.
The process shown in the equation above begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the
a.
 cytoplasm.
c.
 endoplasmic reticulum.
b.
 mitochondria.
d.
 lysosome.
 23.
The equation above summarizes the process known as
a.
 photosynthesis.
c.
 cellular respiration.
b.
 fermentation.
d.
 protein breakdown.
 24.
The molecule referred to as “molecule A” in the equation above is
a.
 NADPH.
c.
 NADH.
b.
 ATP.
d.
 ADP.
 25.
When living cells break down molecules, energy is
a.
 stored as ADP.
c.
 released as heat.
b.
 stored as ATP.
d.
 Both b and c
 26.
Which of the following is the best explanation for the presence of both chloroplasts and mitochondria in plant cells?
a.
 In the light, plants are photosynthetic autotrophs. In the dark, they are heterotrophs.
b.
 If plants cannot produce enough ATP in the process of photosynthesis to meet their energy needs, they can produce it in aerobic respiration.
c.
 Sugars are produced in chloroplasts. These sugars can be stored in the plant for later use, converted to other chemicals, or broken down in aerobic respiration to yield ATP for the plant to use to meet its energy needs.
d.
 The leaves and sometimes the stems of plants contain chloroplasts, which produce ATP to meet the energy needs of these plant parts. The roots of plants contain mitochondria, which produce ATP to meet the energy needs of these plant parts.
 27.
In cellular respiration, the most energy is transferred during
a.
 glycolysis.
b.
 lactic acid fermentation.
c.
 the Krebs cycle.
d.
 the electron transport chain
 28.
Electrons are donated to the electron transport chain by
a.
 ATP and NADH.
c.
 ATP and NAD+.
b.
 FADH2 and NADH.
d.
 NAD+ and ATP.
 29.
If the formation of 38 molecules of ATP requires 266 kcal of energy and the complete oxidation of glucose yields 686 kcal of energy, how efficient is cellular respiration at extracting energy from glucose?
a.
 20%
c.
 25%
b.
 39%
d.
 100%
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 30.
During fermentation, either ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide or ____________________ is formed.
 31.
Of the maximum possible yield of 38 ATP molecules produced by the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule, ____________________ molecules of ATP are produced during glycolysis.
 32.
The Krebs cycle takes place in the _________________________.
 

Essay
 33.
The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is usually described as a cycle. Briefly explain. Write your answer in the space below.

 
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Study Guide Photosynthesis

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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
Energy is required for a variety of life processes including
a.
 growth and reproduction.
b.
 movement.
c.
 transport of certain materials across cell membranes.
d.
 All of the above
 2.
Heterotrophs are organisms that can
a.
 produce food from inorganic molecules and sunlight.
b.
 survive without energy.
c.
 consume other organisms for energy.
d.
 carry out either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
 3.
Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is
a.
 glucose.
c.
 the sun.
b.
 water.
d.
 carbon dioxide.
 4.
The process whereby plants capture energy and make complex molecules is known as
a.
 homeostasis.
c.
 photosynthesis.
b.
 evolution.
d.
 development.
 5.
Suspended in the fluid stroma of chloroplasts are
a.
 organelles called eukaryotes.
b.
 numerous mitochondrial membranes.
c.
 small coins that provide energy.
d.
 stacks of thylakoids called grana.
 6.
photosynthesis : oxygen ::
a.
 respiration : darkness
b.
 light reactions : dark reactions
c.
 respiration : carbon dioxide
d.
 oxygen : carbon dioxide
 7.
biochemical pathway : reaction ::
a.
 barrier : wall
b.
 match : burn
c.
 theater : drama
d.
 assembly line : workers
 8.
light reactions : thylakoids ::
a.
 grana : thylakoids
b.
 grana : ATP
c.
 Calvin cycle : stroma
d.
 stroma : grana of chloroplast
 9.
The sun is considered the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth because
a.
 all organisms carry out photosynthesis.
b.
 all organisms carry out cellular respiration.
c.
 either photosynthetic organisms or organisms that have eaten them provide energy for all other organisms on Earth.
d.
 the sun heats Earth’s atmosphere.
 10.
The energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds in a series of linked chemical reactions called a
a.
 photosynthetic reactant.
b.
 ATP generator.
c.
 chemical equation.
d.
 biochemical pathway.
 11.
The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to
a.
 absorb light energy.
b.
 pass electrons to carotenoids.
c.
 split water molecules.
d.
 All of the above
 12.
When light strikes an object, the light may be
a.
 reflected.
c.
 transmitted.
b.
 absorbed.
d.
 All of the above
 13.
Chlorophyll is green because
a.
 it absorbs green wavelengths of light.
b.
 it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which make green.
c.
 it reflects green wavelengths of light.
d.
 it transmits light and causes an optical illusion.
 14.
What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?
a.
 Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level.
b.
 It disintegrates, giving off huge amounts of heat.
c.
 It glows, radiating green light and giving the plant a green appearance.
d.
 It attracts electrons from other molecules.
 15.
chloroplast : grana ::
a.
 photosystem : pigment molecules
b.
 chlorophyll : pigments
c.
 thylakoids : photosynthesis
d.
 chlorophyll : green
 16.
When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level,
a.
 they become a particle of light.
b.
 they form a glucose bond.
c.
 they enter an electron transport chain.
d.
 they enter the Calvin cycle.
 17.
NADP+ is important in photosynthesis because it
a.
 becomes oxidized to form NADP.
b.
 is needed to form chlorophyll.
c.
 provides additional oxygen atoms.
d.
 provides protons and electrons for some reactions.
 18.
The electrons of photosystem I
a.
 are eventually replaced by electrons from photosystem II.
b.
 attach to water molecules during the light reaction.
c.
 are at the end of the electron transport chain.
d.
 are absorbed by oxygen molecules to form water.
 19.
The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is
a.
 carbon dioxide.
c.
 chlorophyll.
b.
 water.
d.
 glucose.
 20.
The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is
a.
 nitrogen.
c.
 water.
b.
 carbon dioxide.
d.
 oxygen.
 21.
During the Calvin cycle, carbon-containing molecules are produced from
a.
 carbon atoms from ATP.
b.
 carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms from glucose.
c.
 carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from water.
d.
 carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from NADPH.
 22.
Which of the following processes occurs in the thylakoid membrane and converts captured light energy into chemical energy?
a.
 the Calvin cycle
c.
 light absorption
b.
 ATP synthase
d.
 chemiosmosis
 23.
Chemiosmosis in the thylakoid membrane is directly responsible for
a.
 adding protons to NADP+.
b.
 providing the energy to produce ATP molecules.
c.
 producing ATP-synthetase.
d.
 generating glucose molecules.
 24.
At the thylakoid membrane,
a.
 electrons return to their original energy levels.
b.
 electrons are pushed out of the thylakoid.
c.
 energy from electrons is used to make glucose.
d.
 the thylakoid bursts, releasing energy.
 25.
Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that provide energy for the Calvin cycle are
a.
 oxygen and ATP.
c.
 ATP and NADPH.
b.
 water and oxygen.
d.
 oxygen and NADPH.
 26.
The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis
a.
 requires ATP and NADPH.
b.
 can occur in both light and dark conditions.
c.
 generates glucose.
d.
 All of the above
 27.
The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of carbohydrate molecules comes from
a.
 ATP made during cellular respiration.
b.
 the Krebs cycle.
c.
 ATP made in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
d.
 CO2 absorbed during the last stage of photosynthesis.
 28.
During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called
a.
 the Calvin cycle.
b.
 the Krebs cycle.
c.
 the light reactions.
d.
 the electron transport chain.
 29.
All organic molecules contain carbon atoms that ultimately can be traced back in the food chain to
a.
 the bodies of heterotrophs.
b.
 carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
c.
 water absorbed by plants.
d.
 the carbon that comes from the sun.
 30.
Which of the following can be produced from the products of the Calvin cycle?
a.
 carbohydrates
c.
 proteins
b.
 lipids
d.
 All of the above
 31.
C3, C4, and CAM plants differ from each other in that
a.
 C3 plants use the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation and C4 and CAM plants use different pathways for carbon fixation.
b.
 C3 plants have their stomata open during the day and C4 and CAM plants have their stomata open only at night.
c.
 C3 and C4 plants have their stomata open during the day and CAM plants have their stomata open only at night.
d.
 C3 plants use CO2 to form organic compounds and C4 and CAM plants use other sources of carbon.
nar001-1.jpg
 32.
Refer to the illustration above. Graph 1 demonstrates that the rate of photosynthesis
a.
 decreases in response to increasing light intensity.
b.
 increases indefinitely in response to increasing light intensity.
c.
 increases in response to increasing light intensity, but only to a certain point.
d.
 is unaffected by changes in light intensity.
 33.
Refer to the illustration above. Taken together, these graphs demonstrate that
a.
 photosynthesis is independent of environmental influences.
b.
 increases in light intensity cause increases in temperature.
c.
 as the rate of photosynthesis increases, the temperature of the plant eventually decreases.
d.
 the rate of photosynthesis is affected by changes in the plant’s environment.
 

Essay
 34.
Why do the cells of plant roots generally lack chloroplasts? Write your answer in the space below.
 35.
Define the terms autotroph and heterotroph. What types of organisms belong in each of these categories? Write your answer in the space below.

 
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Transcription and Translation Tool

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Transcription and Translation Tool Converts DNA to RNA to protein.

DNA sequence:
RNA sequence:
 Protein sequence:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

  • a permanent copy of genetic information.
  • uses “T” instead of “U”
  • no 2′ OH group
  • more stable than RNA
  • lower error frequency during replication than RNA
RNA (ribonucleic acid)

  • messenger RNA (mRNA) is a temporary copy of the gene sequence in which protein is encoded.
Protein

  • consists of amino acids linked by aminoester (“peptide”) bonds.
  • most enzymes and many structural components of cells are made of proteins.