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Protein Synthesis Study Guide

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Protein Synthesis Study Guide

 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria?
a.
 The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria.
b.
 The mice developed pneumonia.
c.
 The harmless bacteria died.
d.
 The mice were unaffected.
 2.
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a.
 ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b.
 ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c.
 deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d.
 deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
 3.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a.
 each with two new strands.
b.
 one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c.
 each with one new strand and one original strand.
d.
 each with two original strands.
 4.
During mitosis, the
a.
 DNA molecules unwind.
b.
 histones and DNA molecules separate.
c.
 DNA molecules become more tightly coiled.
d.
 nucleosomes become less tightly packed.
 5.
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a.
 adenine.
c.
 phosphate groups.
b.
 uracil.
d.
 thymine.
 6.
Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a.
 transfer RNA only
b.
 messenger RNA only
c.
 ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d.
 messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
 7.
During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed
a.
 that is complementary to both strands of DNA.
b.
 that is complementary to neither strand of DNA.
c.
 that is double-stranded.
d.
 inside the nucleus.
 8.
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a.
 3
c.
 9
b.
 6
d.
 12
 9.
Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?
a.
 intron
c.
 polypeptide
b.
 tRNA
d.
 anticodon
 10.
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
a.
 rRNA
c.
 mRNA
b.
 tRNA
d.
 RNA polymerase
 11.
Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation?
a.
 inversion
c.
 deletion
b.
 insertion
d.
 substitution
 12.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a.
 Mutations do not occur in hox genes.
b.
 Hox genes that are found in different animals are very different from each other.
c.
 Hox genes control the normal development of an animal.
d.
 Hox genes occur in clusters.
 13.
Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by
a.
 RNA.
c.
 proteins.
b.
 DNA.
d.
 carbohydrates.
 14.

Figure 12-5 shows the structure of a(an)

mc014-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–5

a.
 DNA molecule.
c.
 RNA molecule.
b.
 amino acid.
d.
 protein.
 15.
DNA is copied during a process called
a.
 replication.
c.
 transcription.
b.
 translation.
d.
 transformation.
 16.
In eukaryotes, DNA
a.
 is located in the nucleus.
c.
 is located in the ribosomes.
b.
 floats freely in the cytoplasm.
d.
 is circular.
 17.
RNA contains the sugar
a.
 ribose.
c.
 glucose.
b.
 deoxyribose.
d.
 lactose.
 18.
Which RNA molecule carries amino acids?
a.
 messenger RNA
c.
 ribosomal RNA
b.
 transfer RNA
d.
 RNA polymerase
 19.
What is produced during transcription?
a.
 RNA molecules
c.
 RNA polymerase
b.
 DNA molecules
d.
 proteins
 20.

What does Figure 12-6 show?

mc020-1.jpg

Figure 12-6

a.
 anticodons
b.
 the order in which amino acids are linked
c.
 the code for splicing mRNA
d.
 the genetic code
 21.
What happens during the process of translation?
a.
 Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
b.
 The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
c.
 Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.
d.
 Copies of DNA molecules are made.
 22.
Genes contain instructions for assembling
a.
 purines.
c.
 proteins.
b.
 nucleosomes.
d.
 pyrimidines.
 23.
A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an)
a.
 chromosomal mutation.
c.
 point mutation.
b.
 inversion.
d.
 translocation.
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 24.

The structure labeled X in Figure 12-1 is a(an) ____________________.

co024-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–1
 25.
The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________________ in proteins.
 26.
There is no ____________________ that is specified by a stop codon on an mRNA molecule.
 27.
The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of ____________________.
 28.
In eukaryotes, proteins that attract RNA polymerase bind to ____________________ sequences in DNA.
 29.
According to the principle of ____________________, hydrogen bonds can form only between adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine.
 30.
Chromatin contains proteins called ____________________.
 31.

In Figure 12-7, A, B, and C are three types of ____________________.

co031-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–7
 32.
After introns are cut out of an RNA molecule, the remaining ____________________ are spliced back together to form the final messenger RNA.
 33.
A mutation in a series of genes, called the ____________________, can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo.
 

Short Answer
 34.
At the beginning of DNA replication, what two processes “unzip” the two strands of a DNA molecule?
 35.

In Figure 12-2, which molecule is tRNA, and what is its function?

sa035-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–2
 36.

According to Figure 12-3, what codons specify the amino acid arginine?

sa036-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–3
 37.
What happens to lac repressors in E. coli when lactose is present?
 38.
What are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide?
 39.
What must happen to a DNA molecule before RNA polymerase can make RNA?
 40.
What causes translation to stop?
 41.
What is a mutation?
 

Essay
 42.
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
 43.
Contrast the functions of the three main types of RNA.
 

Other

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

nar001-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–4
 44.
Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 12-4?
 45.
Interpreting Graphics Identify structure C in Figure 12-4.
 46.
Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 12-4 is a codon?
 47.
Inferring What is the relationship between the codons and anticodons in Figure 12-4? How is this relationship important?
 48.
Predicting In Figure 12-4, what will happen after the ribosome joins the methionine and phenylalanine?

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

nar002-1.jpg

Figure 12–8
 49.
Classifying What general type of mutation results from processes A, B, C, and D in Figure 12-8?
 50.
Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process or processes involve two chromosomes?
 51.
Comparing and Contrasting Contrast process A and process B in Figure 12-8.
 52.
Interpreting Graphics During which process in Figure 12-8 does a segment of a chromosome become oriented in the reverse direction?
 53.
Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process produces two chromosomes with translocations?

 
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Protist Study Guide

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Protist Quiz

 

 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 1.
The kingdom Protista contains the eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi. _________________________
 2.
Sexual reproduction with spores evolved in protists. _________________________
 3.
Tissues, organs, and organ systems evolved in unicellular protists. _________________________
 4.
Sexual reproduction allows Chlamydomonas to delay development of new organisms until environmental conditions are favorable. _________________________
 5.
Amoebas move by means of pseudopodia. _________________________
 6.
Diatoms are the only type of protists with single shells. _________________________
 7.
Paramecium takes in food through its contractile vacuole. _________________________
 8.
Cellular slime molds form a mass of cytoplasm that has many nuclei. _________________________
 9.
Protists have an important effect on humans because they cause disease. _________________________
 10.
Malaria is caused by the protist Plasmodium and is spread by the bite of certain fleas. _________________________
 11.
Carrageenan is a product made by protists that is used to flavor many food products. _________________________
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 12.
Which of the following is not true about some or all protists?
a.
 unicellular and heterotrophic
c.
 multicellular and autotrophic
b.
 unicellular and autotrophic
d.
 multicellular and prokaryotic
 13.
The kingdom Protista does not include
a.
 most of the single-celled eukaryotes.
c.
 multicellular seaweed.
b.
 slime and water molds.
d.
 prokaryotes.
 14.
Which of the following characteristics did not evolve in the Kingdom Protista?
a.
 unicellularity
c.
 membrane-bound organelles
b.
 gametes
d.
 complex cilia and flagella
 15.
sexual reproduction : diversity ::
a.
 flagella : cilia
c.
 green algae : flagella
b.
 multicellularity : tissues
d.
 unicellularity : protists
 16.
Eukaryotes that lack the features of animals, plants, or fungi are classified in the kingdom
a.
 Archaebacteria.
c.
 Protista.
b.
 Plantae.
d.
 Animalia.
 17.
You have been given an unknown organism to identify. You find that it is unicellular and has a cell wall. Which of the following must it also have?
a.
 chloroplasts
c.
 pseudopodia
b.
 asexual reproduction
d.
 one or more flagella
 18.
When Chlamydomonas reproduces sexually, it divides by mitosis, producing
a.
 zygospores.
c.
 haploid gametes.
b.
 diploid gametes.
d.
 zoospores.
 19.
Zoospores are
a.
 produced as a result of meiosis.
c.
 produced as a result of mitosis.
b.
 diploid.
d.
 all parasitic.
 20.
The haploid, gamete-producing phase in the life cycle of some multicellular protists is known as the
a.
 zygospore generation.
c.
 conjugation generation.
b.
 gametophyte generation.
d.
 sporophyte generation.
 21.
The marine green alga Ulva reproduces sexually by
a.
 alternation of generations.
c.
 mitosis.
b.
 conjugation.
d.
 aggregation.
 22.
Pseudopodia are used for
a.
 Paramecium conjugation.
c.
 Euglena reproduction.
b.
 movement by amoebas.
d.
 Paramecium mitosis.
 23.
Amoebas capture food by
a.
 engulfing it.
c.
 trapping it with flagella.
b.
 using cilia.
d.
 taking it into an oral groove.
 24.
When an individual diatom gets too small because of repeated division, it
a.
 grows to full size in its existing shell.
b.
 slips out of its shell, grows to full size, and regenerates a new shell.
c.
 slips out of its shell, grows to full size, and reinhabits its old shell.
d.
 slips out of its shell and lives the rest of its life without a shell.
 25.
Algae are
a.
 sometimes heterotrophic.
b.
 always microscopic in size.
c.
 found in fresh water, salt water, and damp soil.
d.
 found only in fresh water.
 26.
Red algae
a.
 are multicellular.
c.
 have eyespots.
b.
 are unicellular.
d.
 have double shells.
 27.
Euglenoids are examples of protists that
a.
 can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic.
b.
 are only parasitic heterotrophs.
c.
 are always autotrophic.
d.
 swim away from light.
 28.
dinoflagellates : flagella ::
a.
 amoebas : pseudopodia
c.
 ciliates : pseudopodia
b.
 sporozoans : flagella
d.
 amoebas : flagella
 29.
The process in which two Paramecia come together to exchange parts of their genetic material is called
a.
 mitosis.
c.
 pollination.
b.
 replication.
d.
 conjugation.
nar001-1.jpg
 30.
Refer to the illustration above. Excess water in the body of the Paramecium is forced back out by the structure labeled
a.
 A
c.
 D
b.
 C
d.
 E
 31.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure that contains the cell’s chromosomes is labeled
a.
 A
c.
 C
b.
 B
d.
 E
 32.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure C is the
a.
 macronucleus.
c.
 oral groove.
b.
 contractile vacuole.
d.
 micronucleus.
 33.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure that controls routine cellular functions is labeled
a.
 A
c.
 C
b.
 B
d.
 D
 34.
Funguslike protists reproduce by releasing
a.
 gametes.
c.
 zoospores.
b.
 spores.
d.
 plasmodia.
 35.
Giardiasis is a disease that is spread
a.
 by direct person-to-person contact.
c.
 through contaminated water.
b.
 through the air.
d.
 by the Anopheles mosquito.
 36.
Chagas disease is spread by
a.
 kissing bugs.
c.
 contaminated food.
b.
 mosquitoes.
d.
 contaminated water.
 37.
Which of the following is not a human disease caused by a protist?
a.
 amebic dysentery
c.
 malaria
b.
 toxoplasmosis
d.
 tuberculosis.
 38.
giardiasis : contaminated water ::
a.
 amebic dysentery : mosquito
c.
 malaria : mosquito
b.
 amebic dysentery : giardiasis
d.
 malaria : food contamination
 39.
The protist that causes malaria reproduces in the
a.
 intestine of a human.
c.
 red blood cells of a human.
b.
 red blood cells of a mosquito.
d.
 stinger of a mosquito.
 40.
Malaria is caused by several species of
a.
 Toxoplasma.
c.
 Giardia.
b.
 Phytophthora.
d.
 Plasmodium.
 41.
The stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium in which it lives in mosquitoes and is injected into humans is called the
a.
 gametophyte.
c.
 sporophyte.
b.
 sporozoite.
d.
 zoospore.
 42.
Symbiotic protists live in all of the following organisms except
a.
 termites.
c.
 cattle.
b.
 corals.
d.
 bacteria.
 43.
Protists that play an important role in aquatic food webs are called
a.
 plankton.
c.
 anchovies.
b.
 lichens.
d.
 cyanobacteria.
 44.
The evolution of the plant kingdom can be inferred by studying
a.
 green algae.
c.
 red algae.
b.
 brown algae.
d.
 dinoflagellates.
 45.
A mass of cytoplasm that has many nuclei is a(n)
a.
 spore.
c.
 colony.
b.
 plasmodium.
d.
 amoeba.
 46.
A protist that almost destroyed the entire potato crop in Ireland in 1846 is a
a.
 plasmodial slime mold.
c.
 dinoflagellate.
b.
 cellular slime mold.
d.
 water mold.
 47.
A downy mildew gets nutrients by
a.
 photosynthesis.
b.
 absorbing them from the environment.
c.
 making them from inorganic chemicals.
d.
 making them from organic building blocks.
 48.
When an algal bloom dies, the bacteria that decompose the algae
a.
 deplete carbon dioxide levels in the water.
b.
 kill the plankton population.
c.
 deplete oxygen levels in the water.
d.
 kill fish.
 49.
A protist used by scientists to study cell movement and cell signaling is a
a.
 dinoflagellate.
c.
 paramecium.
b.
 diatom.
d.
 slime mold.
 50.
Agar is a product used to grow bacteria. Agar comes from
a.
 bacteria.
c.
 diatoms.
b.
 algae.
d.
 amoebas.
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 51.
Two important features that evolved in the protists were multicellularity and sexual reproduction with the production of ____________________.
 52.
The evolution of ____________________ allowed single-celled organisms to perform many functions at the same time.
 53.
When ______________________________ evolved, protists could become genetically diverse.
 54.
Although protists are diverse, they are all ____________________.
Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas
nar002-1.jpg
 55.
Refer to the illustration above. Arrow B is pointing to a ____________________ in the life cycle.
 56.
Refer to the illustration above. Arrow A is pointing to ____________________ in the life cycle.
 57.
According to the illustration above, Chlamydomonas reproduces both sexually and ____________________.
 58.
Some protists undergo sexual reproduction only at times of environmental ____________________.
 59.
Ulva is characterized by two distinct multicellular phases: a diploid, spore producing phase called the ____________________ generation and a haploid, gamete-producing phase called the ____________________ generation.
nar003-1.jpg
 60.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in A moves and obtains food by means of ____________________.
 61.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in C moves by means of ____________________.
 62.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in B moves by means of ____________________.
 63.
Some amoeboid protists have porous shells called ____________________.
 64.
____________________ have double shells that resemble small boxes with lids.
 65.
The large brown algae that grow along coasts are called ____________________.
 66.
Protists that are strict photoautotrophs are called ____________________.
 67.
Poisonous “red tides” are caused by population explosions of ____________________.
 68.
Brown algae are the only algae that form more than one kind of ____________________.
 69.
Some protists have ____________________ that contain light-sensitive pigments.
 70.
____________________ disease is a protist-caused disease that is transmitted by kissing bugs.
 71.
Disease-causing protists are transmitted mainly by insects or by contaminated ____________________ and ____________________.
 72.
The stage of Plasmodium that infects the liver is called the ____________________; the second stage of the Plasmodium life cycle, which infects red blood cells, is called the ____________________.
 73.
Plantlike protists produce ____________________, which allows most forms of life to live on Earth.
 74.
____________________ are related to green algae and are thought to have evolved from them.
 75.
Funguslike protists resemble fungi in that they reproduce with ____________________ and they ____________________ nutrients from their environment.
 76.
Cellular slime molds usually exist as single-celled amoebas, but they form ____________________ and release ____________________ when food or water is scarce.
 77.
A water mold caused the great potato famine in ____________________ in 1846.
 78.
The empty shells of diatoms are used as ____________________ in cleaning agents.
 79.
Red algae produce carrageenan, which is used in the food industry to ____________________ foods such as ice cream and salad dressings.

 
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Biomes of the World

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T S O V C D A R P R L V T T S
Q S L U E I E B E G A L U D R
X T E S S M T T I V D E N B T
N A E R U E A O V O I M D H K
Z R U S O W R J I N T O R E R
T M N T H F C O H B R I A R E
S O L S N H N A V C E B C B C
C P E R F K Q I R I T A F I U
N R S A V A N N A N N Y C V D
F E N I R A M F D R I M U O O
G R A S S L A N D Z A V O R R
S U O U D I C E D G N J O E P
O H Z G L J Y X I B Y X F R W
U C T C T N Y A Q B A J S U E
X N B S O O T D E K P T N B X

Find each term and then number and define it on the back of this sheet.

 

ABIOTIC BIOME BIOTIC
CARNIVORE CONSUMER DECIDUOUS
DESERT FRESHWATER GRASSLAND
HERBIVORE INTERTIDAL MARINE
OMNIVORE PRODUCER RAINFOREST
SAVANNA TAIGA TUNDRA

 

 

 

 

 

Worms Puzzle

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Flatworms, Roundworms, & Rotifers
Fill in the blanks with the correct letters. The words in the list on the right provide a clue to the answer. 

1) _at_he _ m _ _ th_s phylum of flatworms
2) _ hre_ number of body layers in worms
3) b _ l _ te_al symmetry f flatworms
4) d _ rs _ l upper body surface of worms
5) _ en _ ral lower body surface of worms
6) _cto _ erm outermost cell layer of worms
7) _es _ d _ rm middle cell layer of worms
8) _ nd_der _ innermost cell layer of worms
9) _c _ e _ om_te solid body in flatworms
10) _oe _ o _ body cavity
11) _ast_ov _ sc _ l _ r gut with a single opening in flatworms
12) a _ sor_ti _ n how flatworms exchanges gases with their environment
13) _nte _ io _ head or front end of a flatworm
14) c _ ph _ li _ ati_n anterior end with sensory structures concentrated there
15) p _ r _ si_e worms that live on or inside the body of their host
16) _ur_ell _ r _ _ class of flatworms containing the frehwater planarian
17) p _ ar _ n_ extendable feeding tube on the underside of planarians
18) _ ucu_ secreted by planarians to glide across
19) f _ a_e excretory cells in worms that filter wastes
20) a _ _ lia clusters of nerve cells in worms
21) _erm _ _ hr _ di_es worms that make both eggs & sperm
22) _re _ a _ oda class of flatworms containg flukes
23) _ucke _ s found on the ends of flukes to attach to hosts
24) _e _ u _ ent tough outer covering on flukes
25) _ e _ to_a _ class containing tapeworms
26) s _ ol _ x anterior end of a tapeworm with hooks & suckers
27) _r_gl _ t_id _ reproductive sections of a tapeworm’s body
28) _e _ _ to_a phylum for roundworms
29) _a _ er shape of both ends of a roundworms body
30) _ ut _ cle protective noncellular layer of roundworms
31) a _ ca _ is roundworm found in pig & horse intestines
32) _ oo _ w_r_s intestinal parasitic roundworm with cutting plates in it’s mouth
33) _ri_h _ n _ _ is disease that result from eating infected undercooked pork
34) _i _ wo_m _ most common parasitic roundworm of children in the U.S.
35) _ot _ f _ ra phylum of worms with a crown of cilia surrounding the mouth
36) _as _ _ x muscular organ of rotifers to break down food
37) _se _ do_oel _ mat _ _ rotifers & nematodes are examples

 

 

Solution

 

 

Annelids and Mollusks Study Guide

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Annelids and Mollusks Quiz

 

  

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 1.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of at least some mollusks?
a.
 a pseudocoelomate body plan
b.
 bilateral symmetry
c.
 a mantle
d.
 an open circulatory system
 
 2.
Which of the following has a true coelom?
a.
 flatworm
c.
 rotifer
b.
 roundworm
d.
 mollusk
 
 3.
The evolution of a coelom was significant because
a.
 more food could be stored within it.
b.
 more wastes could be stored before excretion.
c.
 it enabled development of more complex organ systems.
d.
 it eliminated the need for a circulatory system.
 
 4.
mollusks : a mantle ::
a.
 pseudocoelomate animals : true body cavities
b.
 roundworms : single-opening digestive tract
c.
 roundworms : coelom
d.
 mollusks : a coelom
 
 5.
The cilia of a trochophore
a.
 allow attachment to the ocean bottom.
b.
 create currents for drawing in food.
c.
 cover the entire larval body.
d.
 are necessary for reproduction.
 
 6.
Trochophores
a.
 occur in some mollusks’ life cycles.
b.
 possess a belt of cilia around their bodies.
c.
 occur in some annelids’ life cycles.
d.
 All of the above
 
 7.
A characteristic structure found in many mollusks is the radula, which is involved in
a.
 jet propulsion.
c.
 eating.
b.
 opening and closing of the shell.
d.
 reproduction.
 
 8.
Which of the following is a correct pairing?
a.
 phylum Platyhelminthes—hydra
b.
 phylum Nematoda—planaria
c.
 phylum Mollusca—octopus
d.
 phylum Annelida—roundworm
 
 9.
All of the animal phyla that evolved after the mollusks
a.
 are vertebrates.
c.
 have a coelom.
b.
 are prokaryotes.
d.
 lack mesoderm.
 
 10.
All of the following are classes of the phylum Mollusca except
a.
 bivalves.
c.
 gastropods.
b.
 cephalopods.
d.
 pseudopods.
 
 11.
Which of the following mollusks have a closed circulatory system?
a.
 snails
c.
 slugs
b.
 cephalopods
d.
 gastropods
 
 12.

mc012-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. Which two organisms have mantles?

a.
 1 and 3
c.
 1 and 4
b.
 2 and 3
d.
 2 and 4
 
 13.
Jet propulsion is the usual means of locomotion in water for
a.
 octopuses.
c.
 squids.
b.
 gastropods.
d.
 bivalves.
 
   
 
nar001-1.jpg
 
 14.
Refer to the illustration above. This organism is a
a.
 bivalve.
c.
 trochophore.
b.
 cephalopod.
d.
 gastropod.
 
 15.
Refer to the illustration above. Movement of this organism is dependent upon structure
a.
 1.
c.
 3.
b.
 2.
d.
 None of the above
 
 16.
Shells of mollusks
a.
 may consist of one or more pieces.
b.
 provide protection.
c.
 allow for the attachment of muscles.
d.
 All of the above
 
 17.
Adductor muscles are responsible for
a.
 moving the valves of bivalves.
b.
 extending the feet of mollusks.
c.
 pumping the hearts of mollusks.
d.
 fanning the gills of aquatic mollusks.
 
 18.
In an open circulatory system,
a.
 water is drawn into the mantle cavity to provide oxygen to body tissues.
b.
 lungs branch into small tubules to provide oxygen to tissues.
c.
 wastes are eliminated directly to the environment from the tissues.
d.
 blood is released directly into spaces in the body tissues.
 
 19.
Twisting of the visceral mass of gastropods is called
a.
 extension.
c.
 torsion.
b.
 inversion.
d.
 conversion.
 
 20.
Among the various species of gastropods, respiration may take place
a.
 with gills.
b.
 through the skin.
c.
 within the mantle cavity.
d.
 All of the above
 
 21.
All of the cephalopods
a.
 have eight tentacles.
b.
 are predators.
c.
 possess protective shells.
d.
 are filter feeders.
 
 22.
Jet propulsion in a squid is the result of
a.
 rapid closing of the organism’s shell.
b.
 strong contractions of the tentacles.
c.
 high-pressure discharge of fluid from the organism’s mouth.
d.
 the pumping of water through the siphon.
 
 23.
The only cephalopod that has retained its external shell is the
a.
 cuttlefish.
c.
 octopus.
b.
 chambered nautilus.
d.
 squid.
 
 24.
Segmented worms are known as
a.
 nematodes.
c.
 planarians.
b.
 annelids.
d.
 arthropods.
 
 25.
Each segment of an annelid
a.
 is capable of reproduction.
b.
 has a well-developed brain that allows the annelid to learn simple tasks.
c.
 has a pseudocoelom.
d.
 may contain some organ systems that duplicate systems in other segments.
 
 26.
An example of segmentation in humans is the
a.
 digestive system.
c.
 vertebral column.
b.
 skin.
d.
 brain.
 
 27.
The most significant evolutionary advancement of annelids over mollusks is believed to be
a.
 the ability to burrow.
c.
 segmentation.
b.
 the existence of a true coelom.
d.
 cephalization.
 
 28.

mc028-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. Which two organisms have segmented body plans?

a.
 3 and 4
c.
 1 and 4
b.
 2 and 4
d.
 2 and 3
 
 29.
true coelom : mollusks and annelids ::
a.
 tentacle : annelids
c.
 valve : annelids
b.
 siphon : annelids
d.
 segmentation : annelids
 
 30.
Coordinated movements of an earthworm’s body segments are possible because of the
a.
 development of an advanced brain.
b.
 ventral nerve cord and ganglia that carry impulses to the muscles.
c.
 presence of a true coelom in the earthworm’s body.
d.
 existence of a complete digestive system.
 
 31.
earthworm movement : circular muscles and setae ::
a.
 earthworm digestion : circular muscles and setae
b.
 earthworm digestion : seminal receptacles
c.
 earthworm reproduction : pharynx
d.
 earthworm respiration : skin
 
 32.
Small tubules that collect wastes from the coelom of annelids and discharge the wastes from the body are called
a.
 nephridia.
c.
 bivalves.
b.
 radulae.
d.
 spicules.
 
 33.
The digestive tube of the earthworm is divided into three regions. Which of the following is not among these regions?
a.
 crop
c.
 radula
b.
 intestine
d.
 gizzard
 
 34.
Which of the following is (are) not part of an earthworm’s body?
a.
 a heart
c.
 nephridia
b.
 gills
d.
 a typhlosole
 
 35.
The clitellum of an earthworm
a.
 contains the heart.
b.
 is associated with reproduction.
c.
 acts as a primitive respiratory system.
d.
 is necessary for movement.
 
 36.
Earthworms are considered to be beneficial to the environment because
a.
 they help release nutrients into the soil.
b.
 they aerate the soil as they move through it.
c.
 they break up the soil in which they live.
d.
 All of the above
 
 37.
squid motion : siphon ::
a.
 annelid motion : siphon
b.
 annelid breathing : nephridia
c.
 earthworm circulation : closed circulatory system
d.
 annelid motion : tentacles
 
 38.
The body of the water leech
a.
 has suckers on the front and back.
c.
 is segmented.
b.
 has no parapodia.
d.
 All of the above
 
 39.
Leeches
a.
 use suckers to aid in movement.
c.
 are segmented.
b.
 may be parasitic.
d.
 All of the above
 
 40.
leeches : blood ::
a.
 earthworms : small animals
b.
 earthworms : blood
c.
 marine polychaetes : small animals
d.
 marine polychaetes : blood
 
  

Completion
Complete each statement.
 
   41.
The ____________________ larva is a characteristic of some mollusks and annelids.
 
 

 
   42.
Constant beating of ____________________ in the mantle cavity of a clam causes a continuous stream of water to pass over the gills.
 
 

 
   43.
A tonguelike scraping organ used by some mollusks in feeding is called the ____________________.
 
 

 
   44.
An organ known as the ____________________ is an abrasive, tonguelike structure found in some mollusks.
 
 

 
   45.
A snail can pull its head into its mantle cavity because the cavity has moved to the anterior of the animal during a twisting process called ____________________ that occurs during development.
 
 

 
   46.
Water is drawn into the body of a clam through tubes called ____________________.
 
 

 
   47.
A bivalve’s shells close when the pair of ____________________ contract.
 
 

 
   48.
Structures in earthworms that function as simple kidneys are called ____________________.
 
 

 
   49.
The only living cephalopod that has retained its external shell is the _________________________.
 
 

 
   50.
Snails and slugs belong to the class of mollusks called ____________________.
 
 

 
   51.
Earthworms belong to the phylum ____________________.
 
 

 
   52.

co052-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. Structure X is the ventral ____________________ cord.

 
 

 
   53.
In anterior segments of annelids, several ganglia are fused to form the ____________________, which is the brain of these organisms.
 
 

 
   54.
An earthworm’s ____________________ produces a tube made of mucus and chitin that contains the eggs and sperm and allows development of an earthworm’s offspring.
 
 

 
   55.
Bristles that exist along the sides of an annelid are called ____________________.
 
 

 
   56.
Some leeches are ____________________; they feed on the blood of other animals.
 
 

 
   57.
The ____________________ are annelids that have many setae and parapodia, generally live in marine environments, and have antennae.
 
 

 

 

 
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