Category: Resources

Chapter 1 Worksheet BI

 

Biology – Science of Life

 

Section 1-1            Themes of Biology 

1. How many species of organisms are estimated to inhabit the Earth? 

2. About how many species have actually been identified? 

3. When did the first life forms probably arise on Earth? 

4. What was the first organism like? 

5.  What is an organism? 

6. Most unicellular organisms can only be seen with a __________________________.

7. Where did these first cells live? 

8. Over time, organisms _____________ and new kinds of _______________ arose from ___________ of organisms and came to inhabit every _______________ of the Earth. 

9. Define biology. 

10. Name several things that the study of biology would include. 

11. The study of biology is unified by ___________________________. 

12. Name 6 unifying themes of biology. 

13. What is a cell? Where are they found? 

14. What is the difference between a unicellular & a multicellular organism? 

15. Cells are ___________________ but highly _______________________.

16. Are all cells alike? Explain. 

17. All cells are surrounded by a ____________ & contain _____________  instructions. 

18. Genetic instructions are used by cells to make new __________ and new cell ________________. 

19. How do new cells produced by unicellular organisms compare to the parent unicellular organism? 

20. How do mature multicellular organisms begin their life? 

21. If multicellular organisms begin their life as one cell, how do they have so many cells? Explain. 

22. Give an example of an organism maintaining a stable internal environment. 

23. Define homeostasis and tell whether it occurs in unicellular&/or multicellular organisms. 

24. Genetic information is passed to offspring during _______________________.

25. What molecule contains the cell’s hereditary information?

26.  How does DNA exist in multicellular organisms? In unicellular organisms? 

27. What is a gene?

28. In multicellular organisms, each body cell has an _____________ copy of its DNA.

29. Does each cell in a multicellular organism use all the genes on its DNA? Explain. 

30. Explain sexual reproduction. 

31. When a sperm joins with an egg to make a fertilized cell, what happens next to this cell? 

32. New organisms from sexual reproduction have _______________ material from both parents.

33. Explain asexual reproduction. 

34. Name a unicellular organism that reproduces by asexual reproduction.

35. New cells or organisms from asexual reproduction have ____________ genetic information. 

36. What is evolution? 

37. Do individuals or populations evolve? 

38. What is the driving force for evolution? 

39. Explain natural selection and give an example. 

40. Competition for what types of resources drives natural selection? 

41. Why is it so important to a species for members to survive? 

42. Organisms that survive and reproduce are ones with ________________ traits.

43. Define ecology. 

44. What are ecosystems and give an example? 

45. Name 3 things organisms must get from the environment to survive. 

46. What has been the effect of man’s activities on many ecosystems? 

47. Living things are _______________ and need a constant supply of _________________.

48. What process supplies energy for organisms on Earth? 

49. Define autotroph. 

50. Autotrophs trap _________ and use this energy to combine __________ and  _________ into__________ and starches. 

51. Define heterotrophs. 

52. Give an example of an autotroph.

53. Give several examples of heterotrophs. 

54. How do heterotrophs get their food? 

Section 1-2            World of Biology 

55. List 6 characteristics shared by all living things. 

56. All living things composed of  _________________.

57. Cells may be specialized in _________________ organisms. What does this mean?

58. What is always true about cell size?

59. Living things are organized at what 2 levels?

60. How are cells organized in multicellular organisms?

61. Define metabolism. 

62. The energy from metabolism is used for ___________, ___________, and _______________ of organisms. 

63. What is homeostasis and give an example? 

64. Is growth a characteristic of living and nonliving things? Explain.

65. What 2 things must occur for living things to grow?

 

 

66. Define cell division.

 

 

 

67. Define development.

 

 

 

68. Explain why development is necessary for multicellular organisms?

 

 

 

69. Is reproduction essential to the survival of a species? Explain.

 

 

 

70. Sexual reproduction produces offspring ______________________ to the parents.

 

71. Have all organisms been identified? Explain.

 

 

Section 1-3            Scientific Method

 

72. Scientists solve problems using the ___________________________.

 

73. The first step of the scientific method is when scientists make ___________________ of the natural world.

74. Define data.

 

 

 

75. What does a scientist usually employ in making their observations?

 

 

76. What is quantitative data?

 

77. What is sampling & why is it used by scientists?

 

 

 

78. What 2 things must be true for samples to be useful?

 

 

79. To be useful, data must be _____________________ into ____________________,

 

       ______________________, and _____________________, or maps.

 

80. Once an observation is made, the second thing a scientist must do is to develop a(n) ___________________________.

 

81. Define hypothesis.

 

 

 

82. All hypotheses must be __________________ to give supporting evidence.

 

83. What is a prediction & how are they usually written?

 

 

 

84. What is an experiment?

 

 

 

85. Name the 2 groups in a controlled experiment.

 

 

86. Both groups in an experiment are identical except for ___________ factor called the

 

       ___________________.

87. Name the 2 types of variables in a controlled experiment.

 

 

 

88. After data is collected and organized, it must be __________________ to tell if it is reliable.

 

89. If experimental data does not support the hypothesis, what should be done?

 

 

90. What is a scientific model?

 

 

91. What is an inference?

 

 

 

92. How is a theory formed?

 

 

93. Define theory.

 

 

94. What is the difference between a field biologist and a laboratory biologist? Do they both use the scientific method?

 

 

 

 

95. What do scientists do with the results of their scientific studies?

 

 

 

Section 1-4            Microscopes & Measurement

 

96. What is a microscope?

 

 

97. What is the difference between resolution & magnification?

 

 

 

 

98. When would a microscope be used?

 

 

99. Do all microscopes have the same magnification & resolution?

 

100.  Draw and label the parts of a light (LM) microscope.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

101. Tell the function of each of these parts of an LM — stage, light source, objective lens, ocular lens, & nosepiece.

 

 

 

 

 

 

102. To view specimens with a light microscope, they must be placed on a _______________

 

         and be ________________ so light will pass through to the lenses & your eyes.

 

103. What is the power of magnification & explain how it is determined?

 

 

 

104. Light microscopes can only magnify up to ______________ before the image becomes blurry.

105. What type of scope is used to view viruses & cell parts?

 

106. What produces an image with the electron microscope?

 

 

107. Name the 2 main types of electron microscopes.

 

108. What is the highest magnification for the TEM? For the SEM?

 

 

109. Can electron microscopes be used to view living cells?

 

110. What type of scope gives a magnified view of an object’s surface?

 

111. What is the standard unit of measurement used by scientists?

 

112. Name the SI base units, what they measure, & give their abbreviations (table 1-1, page 23)

 

 

 

 

 

 

113. The SI system is based on units of __________ with designated _________________.

 

114. Give the SI prefix for these base units — 1000, .01, .001, .000001, .000000001, & .000000000001.

 

 

 

 

 

115. Give the SI unit for area, volume, and time.

 

 

Chapter 3: Biochemistry PowerPoint Worksheet

Chapter 3 Biochemistry of Cells PowerPoint Notes

 

1. What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth?
2. Approximately how much water makes up the cells of organisms?
3. ___________ is known as the universal solvent.

 

4. List 4 properties of water that make it so useful to organisms.

 

 

5. Besides water, what other substance makes up most of the cell?

 

6. ____________ chemistry is the study of carbon compounds.

 

7. Carbon has _______ outer electrons so it can form ___________ bonds by sharing these electrons.

8. Carbon & hydrogen make up compounds called ________________.

 

9. Sketch a simple hydrocarbon with the formula CH4.

 

 

10. Carbon skeletons may be straight _______________, _____________ chains, or ______________ structures.

11. Hydrocarbons in ____________ supply our bodies with energy.

 

12. The _______ of an organic molecule determines its function.

13. ____________ groups give different properties to the organic compound to which they attach.

14. Write the formula for the following functional groups:

a. Hydroxyl

 

b. Carbonyl

 

c. Carboxyl

 

d. Amino

15. Give examples of organic compounds that contain each of the functional groups from question 14.

 

 

16. Large organic molecules are called _______________.

 

17. Polymers are built from smaller subunits called _____________.

 

18. Biologists call polymers _____________________.

 

19. Name 4 examples of polymers found in living things.

 

 

20. Monomers linked together are called ____________.

 

21. The process of linking monomers together is called _______________________.

 

22. Dehydration synthesis links small molecules or monomers together by removing molecules of _____________.

23. Name the process used to break down large polymers into smaller monomers.

 

24. Hydrolysis involves ____________ a molecule of water in order to break bonds.

 

25. Name some foods that contain lots of carbohydrates.

 

26. _________________ are simple sugars.

 

27. Name 3 monosaccharides & give their chemical formula.

 

 

28. Monosaccharides are called hexose sugars because they contain 6 _______________.

 

29. __________ is the simple sugar made by plants, ___________ is the sugar found in fruits, while _______________ is known as “milk sugar”.  Sugars have an __________ ending.

 

30. What are isomers?

 

31. Name 2 isomers.

32. What does aqueous mean?

33. What happens to simple sugars, monosaccharides, when they are put into aqueous solutions inside cells?

 

34. ___________________ serve as fuel for cells. Saccharide means ________________.

 

35. What is a double sugar called?

 

36. How are disaccharides formed? Name the BOND that joins them together.

 

37. Name 3 disaccharides.

 

38. Name the simple sugars that make up each of these disaccharides:

a. Sucrose

b. Maltose

c. Lactose

 

39. Complex carbohydrates are called ________________ & are made of chains of ________________________.

40. Name 3 examples of polysaccharides and tell the shape of each.

 

41. Plants store carbohydrate energy as ____________.

 

42. Name some starchy foods.

 

43. Animals store their carbohydrate energy as __________________.

 

44. Both starch & glycogen are made of monomers of ____________ or glucose.

 

45. Describe cellulose fibers & tell where in plants it is found.

 

 

46. Cellulose makes up __________ in plants and serves as dietary __________ in animals.

47. How are cows able to digest cellulose?

 

48. Since sugars dissolve in water, they are said to be _____________ or water-loving. What functional group makes them water soluble?

49. Lipids are hydrophobic. What does this mean?

 

50. Name 4 examples of lipids and then give 3 functions for lipids in the body.

Examples:

a.

b.

c.

 

51. If the bonds between carbons in a fatty acid are all single bonds, the fatty acid is ___________________.  Sketch a saturated fatty acid.

 

52. If there is a double bond between carbons in a fatty acid, the fatty acid is ___________________. Sketch an unsaturated fatty acid.

 

53. _______________ are the monomers that make up lipids or fats.

 

54. Triglycerides are made of an alcohol called ____________ and 3 ___________ acid chains.

55. ___________ forms the backbone of the fat. Sketch glycerol.

56. Saturated fatty acids are ___________ at room temperature and include __________,

margarine, and _____________.

57. Unsaturated fats in plants exist as ________ or oils at room temperature.

 

58. (a) What process links the 3 fatty acid chains to the glycerol in lipids?

(b) What lipids are in cell membranes?

(c) Sketch and label a phospholipid.

 

 

(d) Phospholipid heads are _____________ and attract water, while the 2 tails are _________ and repel water.

 

59. Lipids called _____________ are made of four, fused rings of carbon.

60. Name 3 steroids found in organisms.

a.

b.

c.

 

61. Proteins are polymers made of monomers called ___________________.

62. How many different amino acids are there?

 

63. Give 3 jobs for proteins in cells.

a.

b.

c.

 

64. What four things are bonded to the central carbon of every amino acid?

 

65. Sketch the structure of an amino acid & label the attached groups.

 

 

 

66. Amino acids are linked together by ____________ synthesis and held together by _____________ bonds.

67. Many proteins act as __________ or biological catalysts.

68. Cells have _____________ of enzymes which may ___________ chemical bonds and ____________ the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

 

69. Enzymes have what shape?

 

70. Substrates attach to an enzyme at its ___________ site. When a substrate attaches to the active site the active site changes ________________.  This is called ______________ fit.

71. Can enzymes be reused?

 

72. The linear sequence of amino acids (chain) is the ____________ structure of a protein.

 

73. Protein chains are called __________________.

74. Secondary protein structures occur when proteins ___________ or ___________.

 

75. When polypeptides join together, the _________ groups interact with each other forming the ___________ structure of a protein forms.

76. Proteins take on a _____________ shape in the watery environment inside a cell. This is known as their _______________________ structure. Protein shape is also known as protein _____________________.

 

77. Denaturing a protein involves changing its __________ so it no longer works.

78. Name 2 things that denature proteins.

 

79. (a) What causes sickle cell anemia (disease)?

 

(b) What is the function of the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells?

 

(c) What protein controls blood sugar level?

(d) Insulin causes excess sugar to be stored in the _____________ as ________________.

(e) Proteins in the cell membrane that help cells recognize similar cells are called __________ proteins.

 

80. ___________ acids store hereditary information for making all of the body’s ______________.

 

81. Name the 2 types of nucleic acids.

 

82. What are the monomers for nucleic acids? Sketch a nucleotide.

 

83. Name the 4 bases on DNA.

84. What 2 things make up the sides of DNA?

 

85. DNA is ___________ stranded & coiled to make a shape called the double ____________.

 

86. RNA has __________ sugar instead of DEOXYRIBOSE sugar on DNA

 

87. RNA is a _____________ stranded molecule unlike double stranded DNA.

 

88. On RNA, the base ______________ replaces thymine.

89. _____________ is the cell’s energy molecule.

90. What is the monomer for ATP?

91. What does ATP stand for?

92. How is the nucleotide monomer for ATP DIFFERENT from the nucleotide monomer for nucleic acids?

93. Where is the energy stored in ATP?

94. Which bonds are considered HIGH ENERGY bonds in ATP?

95. When the last phosphate bond is broken, what is released?

96. what is the energy of ATP used for?

97. Besides energy, what two other things are formed when the last phospheta bond of ATP is broken?

98. How can ATP be reformed?

 

 

Protein Synthesis Quiz

Name: 

DNA & Protein Synthesis

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
When a tRNA anticodon binds to an mRNA codon, the amino acid detaches from the tRNA molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain.
2.
Only ribosomal RNA plays a role in translation.
3.
During DNA replication, the molecule unzips and the exposed DNA nucleotides pair with other
specific nucleotides present in the nucleus
4.
Humans pass exact copies of their DNA to their offspring.
5.
Watson and Crick proposed a model of DNA
6.
Amino acids are linked together by hydrogen bonds.
7.
During transcription, the information on a DNA molecule is “rewritten” into an mRNA molecule.
8.
All codons encode amino acids.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
9.
Purines and pyrimidines are
a.
bases found in amino acids.
b.
able to replace phosphate groups from defective DNA.
c.
names of specific types of DNA molecules.
d.
bases found in nucleotides.
10.
Chargaff’s rules, or the base-pairing rules, state that in DNA
a.
the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine.
b.
the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.
c.
the amount of guanine equals the amount of thymine.
d.
Both a and b
11.
ATTG : TAAC ::
a.
AAAT : TTTG
c.
GTCC : CAGG
b.
TCGG : AGAT
d.
CGAA : TGCG
12.
Which of the following types of RNA carries instructions for making proteins?
a.
mRNA
c.
tRNA
b.
rRNA
d.
All of the above
13.
Which of the following is not found in DNA?
a.
adenine
c.
uracil
b.
cytosine
d.
None of the above
14.
Suppose that you are given a polypeptide sequence containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given in the table below to determine the DNA sequence that codes for this polypeptide sequence.
mRNA
Amino acid
UAU, UAC
tyrosine
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
proline
GAU, GAC
aspartic acis
AUU, AUC, AUA
isoleucine
UGU, UGC
cysteine
a.
AUGGGUCUAUAUACG
c.
GCAAACTCGCGCGTA
b.
ATGGGTCTATATACG
d.
ATAGGGCTTTAAACA
15.
In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must migrate to the
a.
ribosomes.
c.
RNA polymerase.
b.
lac operon.
d.
heterochromatin.
16.
After the primary structure of a protein has been completed
a.
the codons and anticodons unite.
b.
an enzyme attaches adjacent amino acids to each other to form a chain.
c.
the protein folds into the secondary and tertiary structures.
d.
the tRNA molecules remain attached until the protein is secreted from the cell.
17.
Which of the following is  not  part of a molecule of DNA?
a.
deoxyribose
c.
phosphate
b.
nitrogenous base
d.
ribose
18.
During replication in a molecule of DNA, one separation likely to occur is between
a.
cytosine and guanine
c.
ribose and adenine
b.
phosphate and deoxyribose
d.
uracil and thymine
19.
A gene may be described as
a.
a sequence of amino acids.
b.
special proteins found in chromosomes.
c.
a sequence of nucleotides that controls the production of a certain protein.
d.
a sequence of nucleotides coding for the production of starches and sugars.
20.
The synthesis of a new double strand of DNA begins when the two strand of the original DNA helix
a.
‘unzip’.
c.
attract nitrogenous bases.
b.
act as a template.
d.
destroy a genetic code.
21.
Genes(DNA) affect cell structure and function by directing the synthesis of
a.
nucleic acids
c.
nucleotides
b.
hereditary traits
d.
proteins
22.
Protein molecules are made up of
a.
fats
c.
lipids
b.
nucleotides
d.
amino acids
23.
During, DNA replication, DNA
a.
converts to RNA
c.
joins mRNA
b.
joins tRNA
d.
strands separate
24.
Which is not true about proteins?
a.
They control biochemical pathways within the cell.
b.
They direct the synthesis of lipids.
c.
They are composed of sugars.
d.
They take responsibility for cell movement.
25.
Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
a.
amino acids.
c.
monosaccharides.
b.
fatty acids.
d.
nucleotides.
26.
Watson and Crick were the first scientists to state that DNA
a.
contains phosphate groups
c.
has four nitrogen bases
b.
undergoes transcription
d.
has a double helix shape
27.
The two chains of a DNA molecule are connected by
a.
nitrogen bonds
c.
bases
b.
relatively weak chemical bonds
d.
nucleotides
28.
All nucleotide molecules contain the same kind of
a.
ribose sugar
c.
pyrimidine
b.
purine
d.
phosphate group
29.
After DNA replication, the two DNA molecules that are made
a.
are complementary.
c.
must replicate again.
b.
are identical.
d.
cannot replicate again.
30.
Sixty-four codons for 20 amino acids requires that
a.
some amino acids lack codons
b.
some amino acids have more than one codon
c.
all amino acids have two codons
d.
none of the above
31.
Which of the following combines with amino acids
a.
DNA
c.
tRNA
b.
mRNA
d.
B and C
32.
rRNA has a function in
a.
synthesizing DNA.
c.
forming ribosomes.
b.
synthesizing mRNA.
d.
transferring amino acids to ribosomes.
33.
The DNA code consists of sequences of nucleotides arranged in groups of
a.
variable number
c.
threes
b.
twos
d.
fours
34.
Unlike mRNA, the DNA molecule is
a.
double-stranded
c.
like a ladder
b.
single-stranded
d.
both A and C
35.
The number of bases in a row in a gene that codes a protein composed of 200 amino acids is
a.
200
c.
600
b.
400
d.
800
36.
A DNA molecule unzips during
a.
replication
c.
translation
b.
transcription
d.
both A and B
37.
A DNA chain has the following sequence of bases, TAG.  The corresponding messenger RNA
chain should have the sequence
a.
ATC
c.
ATG
b.
UTC
d.
AUC
38.
Unlike DNA, RNA
a.
contains deoxyribose.
c.
contains thymine.
b.
is double stranded.
d.
contains uracil.
39.
Which molecule contains deoxyribose
a.
DNA
c.
tRNA
b.
mRNA
d.
both B and C
40.
Each combination of three nitrogenous bases on messenger RNA forms a (an)
a.
anticodon.
c.
enzyme.
b.
codon.
d.
nuclei acid.
41.
In RNA, uracil is complementary to:
a.
guanine
c.
thymine
b.
adenine
d.
cytosine
42.
Once a molecule of transfer RNA has released its amino acid, the tRNA
a.
becomes attached to messenger RNA.
b.
becomes attached to ribosomal RNA.
c.
is destroyed as an individual molecule.
d.
moves away to pick up another amino acid.
43.
If the sequence of bases in a segment of a DNA strand were cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine, adenine, then the sequence in a complimentary strand of newly-made mRNA would be
a.
cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil
c.
uracil, adenine, cytosine, uracil, guanine
b.
guanine, cytosine, uracil, adenine, uracil
d.
cytosine, guanine, uracil, uracil, adenine
44.
Which sugar is present in RNA
a.
glucose
c.
ribose
b.
sucrose
d.
deoxyribose
45.
RNA differs from DNA, in that RNA
a.
is single-stranded.
c.
contains the nitrogen base uracil.
b.
contains a different sugar molecule.
d.
All of the above are correct.

 
Check Your Work     Reset

Cell Model Instructions

 

 

 Cell Model 

 

    Construct a 3-dimensional eukaryotic plant or animal cell that includes the organelles listed in the table below. Your cell must show all of the cellular organelles listed on the table. These organelles should be LABELED with straight pin “flags” with the FUNCTION of each organelle written on the back  Make sure that your cell has a FLAT NOT round bottom so it will sit on a table or shelf. 

  •  NO FOOD ITEMS MAY BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF YOUR CELL MODEL! 
  •  DO NOT USE CLAY OR PLAY DOUGH AS THE CELL WILL BE TOO HEAVY OR NOT STAY TOGETHER!

 

Cellular Organelles
Cell Membrane Nucleus Nucleolus
Cell Wall (plants) Chromatin Rough ER
Smooth ER Attached Ribosomes Mitochondria
Chloroplast (plant) Lysosome Golgi Bodies
 Vacuole Free Ribosomes Centrioles (animal)

 

ANIMAL CELL

Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.

PLANT CELL

Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.

 

Cell Respiration Worksheet Ch 7 BI

 

Cellular Respiration

 

Section 7-1 Glycolysis & Fermentation

1. What organisms trap sunlight & store it in carbohydrates?

2. What 2 organisms break down carbohydrates to release energy from cells?

3. What is the main energy currency of a cell?

4. Define cellular respiration.

5. What process begins cellular respiration & does it produce much ATP?

6. If there is no oxygen in cells, the products of glycolysis enter ________________________
pathways that yield no additional ______________________.

7. Fermentation is __________________________ because no oxygen is used.

8. If oxygen is present in cells, the glycolysis products enter the ______________________
respiration pathway.

9. Does aerobic respiration produce much ATP?

10. What simple sugar starts glycolysis?

11. In glycolysis, glucose is broken into 2 molecules of _______________________ acid
in the ______________________ of the cell.

12. In which part of the cell does fermentation occur? Is oxygen involved?

13. Name the 2 types of fermentation.

14. __________________________ acid fermentation helps make cheese & yogurt and also
occurs in _______________________ cells during heavy exercise.

15. What effect does lactic acid have on muscle cells?

16. Yeasts carry on what type of fermentation?

17. What alcohol is made in alcoholic fermentation?

18. Table _____________________________ and ____________________ are made by yeasts
during alcoholic fermentation.

19. One molecule of sugar produces _________________ kilocalories of energy.

20. _______________________________ respiration, like glycolysis, produces less energy than
____________________________ respiration of pyruvic acid.

Section 7-2 Aerobic Respiration

21. Aerobic respiration requires what gas?

22. How much more ATP does aerobic respiration produce than glycolysis alone?

23. Name the 2 major stages of aerobic respiration.

24. What is completed in the Krebs cycle?

25. The energy carrier NAD+ is reduced to what substance?

26. Which part of aerobic respiration makes most of the ATP (cell’s energy)?

27. Where does aerobic respiration take place in prokaryotes?

28. Where do these reactions take place in eukaryotes?

29. What is the mitochondrial matrix & what product of glycolysis diffuses into this matrix?

30. What is found inside the mitochondrial matrix to help catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle?

31. What is acetyl CoA & to what does it combine?

32. Define Krebs cycle.

33. The first acid produced in the Krebs cycle is _________________ acid. (Diagram p. 135)

34. Two energy carriers are reduced in the Krebs cycle; ________________becomes NADH
and _________________ becomes FADH.

35. Is any ATP made in the Krebs cycle?

36. What gas is a waste product produced in the Krebs cycle?

37. The _________________________________ is the second part of aerobic respiration.

38. Where does the ETS take place in eukaryotic cells?

39. _________________________ is made in the ETS when NADH and FADH2 release
______________________ ions.

40. What gas serves as the final acceptor of electrons in the ETS (electron transport system)?

41. Write the equation for this gas accepting electrons at the end of the ETS (see page 137).

42. What is the final product of the ETS?

43. How many ATP’s of energy are made during glycolysis?

44. How many ATP’s of energy are made during the Krebs cycle?

45. Each FADH can generate how many ATP’s of energy?

46. Each NADH can generate how many ATP’s of energy?

47. _______________________ NADH molecules & ______________________ FADH
molecules are made by aerobic respiration.

48. How many ATP molecules are made by the electron transport system?

49. What is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be produced from each glucose molecule?

50. Write the summary equation for cellular respiration.