Biology Junction Team - BIOLOGY JUNCTION

Scientific Method Solution

Scientific Method Solution

+ N + + + + + + + + + + T + + + O E + + + + + + + + N + + + A I + X H Y P O T H E S I S C C T E + P + + + + D + L + R O H A A L + E + + N + O + E + N A V + D B + R E + R + P + + C R R + E + A P I T + E + S + L T E + + R E I N M A + T I + U + S + + D R O R T E A + S + S + B + N + C O A A B N + Y + I + O I + + + B R L V + T L + O + + + + + L + E S + + + A + N + + T N E D N E P E D + N + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A + + T E S T I N G H P A R G + + + (Over,Down,Direction) ANALYSIS(13,14,N) CHART(1,4,S) CONCLUSION(15,3,S) CONTROL(6,10,NE) DATA(4,6,NW) DEPENDENT(11,13,W) ERRORS(4,7,SE) EXPERIMENT(3,2,SE) GRAPH(12,15,W) HYPOTHESIS(5,3,E) INDEPENDENT(3,11,NE) OBSERVATION(2,11,N) REPEATABLE(14,4,SW) TABLE(12,8,SW) TESTING(1,15,E) VARIABLE(10,11,NW)

Scientific Method Notes

Scientific Method
All Materials © CmassengaleHow can we determine if something is a fact or an opinion? How can we determine an answer to a problem? The answer is use the scientific method.What is the Scientific Method? It is a series of steps used to help solve a problem.

Step 1. Make an Observation. After making an observation of the natural world, define the problem and make sure only one problem is being studied. ALL scientific experimentation starts with observation.
Step 2. Research the problem (question). Use all available resources to collect data on the subject being covered. Libraries, Internet, books, magazines, personal interviews, etc.
Step 3. Develop a hypothesis (educated guess). Make it a short definitive statement. It may be an “if” then” statement. The “if” part will become the hypothesis and the then part should be the results received at the end of the controlled experiment. Remember your hypothesis can be changed if the results do not support it.
Step 4. Develop a controlled experiment. A controlled experiment is an experiment that contains only one experimental variable. An experimental or independent variable is the thing being tested (what the scientist changes). Everything else in the experiment or all other variables must be the same. These variables are also called the controlled variables. Keeping these variables the same allows the experimenter to show that it was the experimental variable that caused the results. The dependent variable is what changes when the independent variable changes – the dependent variable depends on the outcome of the independent variable. Data should be organized into charts, tables, or graphs.
Step 5. Analyze the data and come up with a conclusion. Data may be quantitative (numbers) or qualitative (appearance, properties, etc.). The conclusion may or may not support the hypothesis. Additional experimentation must then take place to build documentation concerning the problem. If the hypothesis is proven wrong, change the hypothesis, not the data. Scientists must be unbiased.
WHAT FOLLOWS: Scientific research must be published, but first it must be reviewed by peers (other scientists) and verified for accuracy. Research may result in a scientific theory or law.

Example:

Observation:	Toaster stops working.
Question/Research:	What is wrong with the toaster? (Read toaster Manual.)
Hypotheses:	(1) It is unplugged. (2) The unit is burned out.
Experiments:	(1) Check the plug. (2) Take the toaster apart and look at the heating wires.
Results & Conclusion:	If it was unplugged the first hypothesis is supported, if the wires inside are broken, then the second hypothesis is supported.

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Scientific Method & Blood Flow

Scientific Method & Blood

INTRODUCTION:

In this lab you will learn to form a hypothesis, conduct experiments around that hypothesis, and collect and analyze data. One of the most important characteristics of modern science is its quantitative approach to solving problems. One of the first scientists to use quantitative methods was William Harvey, who discovered that blood circulated through the body. At the time Harvey began his work, anatomists believed that the liver produced blood from the food that the body consumed. The blood was then carried by veins to the heart, purified in the lungs, and then pumped to the various organs of the body, where it was consumed. Harvey measured that the left ventricle of the heart held roughly 100 ml of blood. He also measured that the heart beats an average of 64 times per minute.

QUESTION 1:

From the information above, and assuming that 1 ml of blood weighs 1 g, how much blood would the body need to produce per hour in ( g/hr.) to replace the blood consumed by the organs? _______g/hr.

Harvey hypothesized that the same blood must circulate continuously throughout the body.

MATERIALS:

Watch with second hand, or clock

PROCEDURE:

While sitting quietly at your desk, find the pulse in your wrist and count the beats for one minute. You and your lab partner can do this on yourselves, or each other. Record the names of both subjects and their beats per minute heart rate on DATA TABLE 1 as sample 1.
Repeat step 1 two more times for each subject. Record the data in the appropriate place on DATA TABLE 1.
Calculate the average pulse rate for each subject and record the results on DATA TABLE 1.

How do you think standing or holding your breath will affect your pulse rate? ______________________________________________________

QUESTION 2:

Choose one of these activities and formulate a hypothesis about its effect on pulse rate. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

Hypothesis _______________________________________________

Independent Variable _______________________________________

Dependent Variable ________________________________________

Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 for each subject, this time with the subjects standing or holding their breath. Record your data and calculations in the appropriate DATA TABLE

DATA TABLE 1: Resting heart rate
	NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE			AVERAGE NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE
SUBJECT	sample 1	sample 2	sample 3

DATA TABLE 2: Heart rate standing
	NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE			AVERAGE NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE
SUBJECT	sample 1	sample 2	sample 3

DATA TABLE 3: Heart rate holding breath
	NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE			AVERAGE NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE
SUBJECT	sample 1	sample 2	sample 3

Conclusion: Compare your data from step 4 with your data from step 3.

1. How do your results in step 4 compare with the hypothesis you made?

2. What measurement did you use as a control in this investigation?

3. What are some possible sources of error in this experiment?

Scientific Method puzzle

Scientific Method

Find each term and then define it on the back of the paper.

ANALYSIS	CHART	CONCLUSION
CONTROL	DATA	DEPENDENT
ERRORS	EXPERIMENT	GRAPH
HYPOTHESIS	INDEPENDENT	OBSERVATION
REPEATABLE	TABLE	TESTING
VARIABLE

Solution

Scientific Method activity

Scientific Method “I’m All Thumbs”Introduction:
What makes a “Class Champion” thumb wrestler? Does thumb diameter, length, or wrist diameter have an effect on the overall chances of winning a thumb wrestling match? In this investigation we will develop a hypothesis based on physical data collected from our classmates. We will then test this hypothesis by conducting a thumb wrestling tournament to determine an overall “Class Champion”.

Materials:
Metric ruler, metric tape measure (see bottom of lab), scissors, string, calculator

Objectives:

Students will take and record accurate measurements of their wrist, and their thumb’s circumference and length.
Students will analyze the data collected and determine if their hypothesis is correct.
Correctly line graph the collected data.
Learn the rules of thumb wrestling.
Conduct a thumb wrestling tournament.

Procedures:

Choose a partner and perform the following measurements using the metric tape measure found at the bottom of this lab. Then have your partner perform them on you.
Measure the circumference of the thumb, in centimeters, at its widest point. Record this data on the following line ___________cm. and on the table on the chalk board.
Measure the length of the thumb, using the metric ruler in centimeters, from its tip to the end of its second joint. Record this data on the following line ___________cm. and on the table on the chalk board.
Measure the circumference of the wrist over the ulnar knob, in centimeters, and record this data on the following line ____________ and on the table on the chalk board.
Copy the data, on the board, on to the table in the results section of the lab.
The class will form and record a hypothesis based on the collected data.
The Hypothesis:
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Rules of thumb wrestling: Two players grasp hands shown in the illustration; they touch thumbs to the opposite sides of the other person’s hand three times, then come out wrestling. The object, of course, is to hold the other person’s thumb down, for a count of three, using only your thumb.

Boys will wrestle boys and girls will wrestle girls.
A tournament schedule will be set up to match opponents.
After the completion, a champion will be declared in both categories, (male and female).

Results:
Complete the following data table:

Student Name	Gender (M / F)	Thumb Circumference in cm	Thumb Length in cm	Wrist circumference in cm	Record ( won/ lost) Optional
1.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
2.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
3.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
4.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
5.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
6.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
7.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
8.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
9.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
10.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
11.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
12.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
13.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
14.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
15.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
16.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
17.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
18.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
19.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
20.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
21.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
22.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
23.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F
24.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa	M / F

Graph Title: ____________________________________________________________

Analysis and Conclusion :

1. Restate your hypothesis: __________________________________________________

2. Which students won? (male) __________________________ and (female)_____________________

3. What were their measurements:

male: thumb circumference: ____________, thumb length ______________, and wrist circumference ______________;

female: thumb circumference:__________, thumb length _________, and wrist circumference ______________.

4. What was the mean thumb circumference of the class? _____________cm

5. What was the mean wrist circumference of the class? ______________cm

6. Did all those with larger measurements win their matches? ____________.

7. Was you hypothesis correct? ______________.

8. If not, explain what was different.

_____________________________________________________

9. What is the independent variable? _____________________________________

10. What is the dependent variable? ______________________________________

11. List the controlled variables in this experiment.

__________________________________________________

11. Would this be considered a controlled experiment? ____________.

12. Explain your answer.

_____________________________________________________

Here is a sample tournament grid : Cut and turn sideways.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Cut and use.

________________________________________________________________________

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