| Edible Cells! |  |
Construct a 3 dimensional, edible, eukaryotic cell that includes the following structures:
* cell membrane
*nucleus
*nucleolus
*chromatin
*rough ER
*smooth ER
*free ribosomes
*mitochondria
*lysosome
*Golgi bodies
*storage vacuole or vesicle
Make sure you use sanitary conditions when constructing your cell because we will eat them in class!
Include a key to your model and a short paper explaining the function of each cellular part.
| DNA Technology |  |
Section 13-1
1. What is genetic engineering?
2. Give 2 ways it can be used.
3. What is the technology used in genetic engineering called?
4. What are some ways we are using DNA technology?
5. What are restriction enzymes?
6. When restriction enzymes cut DNA _____________________ ends are created.
7. What is a cloning vector?
8. Define plasmid & tell how they’re used in genetic engineering.
9. The gene for the protein ________________________ is made using bacterial plasmids.
10. What is the first step in genetically engineering insulin from bacterial cells?
11. What is a genomic library?
12. What is recombinant DNA?
13. A plasmid containing recombinant DNA is inserted into a host ____________called a _________________ organism.
14. Transgenic bacterium are placed in a _________________ where they reproduce and make large amounts of _____________.
Section 13-2 DNA Technology Techniques
15. What is a DNA fingerprint & how can they be used?
16. What is the method called that is used to make a DNA fingerprint?
17. Briefly describe the RFLP analysis method.
18. What is gel electrophoresis?
19. What causes DNA segments to separate during gel electrophoresis?
20. How accurate are DNA fingerprints & why?
21. If only a tiny amount of DNA is available for analysis, what process must be used & why?
22. With the PCR method, the amount of DNA _________________ every 5 minutes.
23. Give 3 situations in which PCR is useful.
24. What is the Human Genome Project?
25. Define gene therapy and name several diseases it may be used to treat.
Section 13-3 Uses of DNA Technology
26. Name 3 medicines produced by DNA technology.
27. Genetically engineered _________________________ are being produced to treat viral diseases.
28. Name several crops or plants that have had their yields increased due to genetic engineering.
29. _______________________ are applied to crops so plants will get enough nitrogen.
30. How are genetic engineers working to solve the problem of expensive fertilizers for crops?
31. What are some concerns about genetically engineered foods?
History of DNA WebQuest
1. Friedrich (Fritz) Miescher
http://www.dnai.org/timeline/index.html
Find Miescher on the timeline and click on the bucket with the Red Cross to watch the animation. In 1869, he extracted a substance from white blood cells that he called nuclein. What do you think he was actually extracting?
2. Frederick Griffith
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/Bio104/dna.htm
Frederick Griffith’s famous experiment was conducted in 1928. In his experiment, ______________ smooth virulent bacteria plus live rough ______________ bacteria killed mice. His experiment demonstrated that DNA was the _______________ material.
Griffith’s Famous Experiment: Transformation
3. Oswald Avery
http://library.thinkquest.org/20465/avery.html
In 1944, what did he discover that DNA is responsible for?
4. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/Hershey_Chase.html
a. In 1952, their experiments showed that ______ is the genetic material instead of ____________.
5. Erwin Chargaff
http://www.dnai.org/timeline/index.html
Watch “Chargaff’s Ratios.” Chargaff used relative proportions of bases in DNA to come up with his rules for base pairing. What are four sources of DNA that he used?
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/gene/chargaff.htm
Adenine (A) pairs with _____________
Guanine (G) pairs with _____________
The bases that are purines include ___________ & ____________.
The bases that are pyrimidines include ___________ & ______________.
6. Rosalind Franklin.
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Rosalind_Franklin.php
http://www.dnai.org/timeline/index.html – Watch Franklin’s X-ray diffraction pattern
What is X-ray crystallography (a.k.a. X-ray diffraction)?
What did she discover about the shape of DNA?
7. Linus Pauling
http://www.dnai.org/timeline/index.html – Watch the animation.
Linus Pauling proposed a structure for DNA that was incorrect. Describe or draw it below:
8. Maurice Wilkins
http://www.nzedge.com/heroes/wilkins.html
His research, with the help from ________________, led to the discovery of the DNA molecule structure. This discovery was made by American biologist, ________________, and British physicist, ________________.
9. James Watson and Francis Crick.
http://www.dnai.org/timeline/index.html
a. What did they receive the Nobel Prize for in 1962?
b. What is the difference between Pauling’s structure and the actual structure of DNA?
10. DNA Game
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna_double_helix/
Play the game and record what three organisms you had:
1.
2.
3.
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It is a known fact that, unlike other animals, elephants can not jump! The bones in an elephant’s feet are too tightly packed and they’re too heavy.
On this page, you will find interesting questions about other living things. Use the Google search engine on this page to help find the answers & then e-mail me your correct answer for test coupons.
| The scientific name for the giraffe is Giraffa camelopardalis. What does this Latin name mean? |  |
| HOME |
| “How Good Is Your Enzymatic Detergent? |
Introduction:
In nature there are enzymes called proteases that “digest” or degrade proteins. Some of these enzymes have been genetically engineered and added to our laundry detergents in the hope that they will “digest” the protein off of our clothing. Do they work? Do they assist in cleaning? In this experiment you can compare different detergents and their ability to “digest” protein.
What is gelatin? Gelatin consists of protein chains that are easily digested into their amino acid components. Gelatin is prepared from collagen, a protein found in animal tendons and skin and taken out during the meat rendering process. Boiling collagen reduces the weight by about one-third and separates the protein strands by breaking bonds. When the boiled collagen is cooled, it does not revert back to collagen but sets to a gel we know as gelatin.
Purpose :
To test the effectiveness of laundry detergent brands (and their enzymes) to digest protein (in the form of gelatin)
Hypothesis: ____________ will decompose more gelatin in millimeters than ______________.
Materials:
Gelatin in 4 test tubes Wax Pencil/ Permanent marker
3 detergent brands
Distilled water
Test tube rack
Parafilm®
Ruler
Procedure:
Day 1
1. Pour 5 ml of melted gelatin into 4 test tubes. Let the gelatin solidify.
2. Make 10% solutions of the five non-liquid detergents selected for testing. (Mix 10 g of detergent in 90 mL of distilled water). Label the solutions carefully and note whether enzymes are listed as a component of each.
3. Mark the top level of the gelatin with a permanent marker. Add 15 drops of each detergent solution to the top surface of the hardened gelatin in a test
tube. To one tube add 15 drops of distilled water. Label carefully.
Day 2
4. After 24 hours examine the test tubes. Notice that the gelatin has been liquefied in some tubes. Use a ruler to measure the depth of the liquefication. Measure from the mark where the hardened gelatin started down to where it is still hard. Measure to the nearest mm. Record.
Day 3
5. Measure the depth of liquefication again after 48 hours.
Data 1 data table, 1 graph (time vs. mm. liquefied)
| Enzymes listed? | Liquefied After 24 hours (mm.) | Liquefied After 48 hours (mm.) | |
| Distilled Water | |||
| Detergent 1 ? | |||
| Detergent 2 ? | |||
| Detergent 3 ? |
Conclusion:
1. What is the job of enzymes?
2. Why do laundry detergents often contain enzymes?
3. Why was gelatin used in this lab?
4. How is gelatin made?
5. Name each of the laundry detergents you used and describe the effect each one had on the gelatin.
6. Did any of the laundry detergents contain enzymes? If so, which one(s)?
7. Was your original hypothesis correct? Explain.
